Gender Inequality And Gender Equality - 950 Words

Introduction Equality is a major topic of discussion amongst academics and the wider population as a whole. Different groups have been fighting for equal rights in many different ways in many different organisations, with varying success for the last century and beyond. In a business/managerial sense, there is much debate about the gaps between certain social groups regarding the roles in which they occupy within an organisation, with a considerable amount of literature focussing on the space between men and women, namely the gender pay gap and ‘the glass ceiling’. This literature review will identify and discuss influential points of views of those that are leaders in the topic area of gender equality in the work place with a view of finding common themes and how the debate has moved on in recent years. The review will then look to critically analyse the research of these specific areas in order to find possible gaps in the research. Theme 1-Occupational segregation Blackwell states that 8% of the overall gender wage gap can be accounted for through occupational segregation by sex (Blackwell, 2001). Occupational segregation is an important theory to take into consideration when writing about the gap between men and women’s pay. It is possible to separate occupational segregation into two different fields of thought, these are horizontal and vertical. Horizontal segregation is the extent to which males and females choose to pursue different careers. An example would be theShow MoreRelatedGender Inequality And Gender Equality1685 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Gender inequality refers to unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender.† According to united nations population fund â€Å"gender equality is a human right. Men and Women are entitled to live with dignity and with freedom from want and from fear. Gender equality is also a precondition for advancing development and reducing poverty: Empowered women contr ibute to the health and productivity of whole families and communities, and they improve prospects for the next generation†Read MoreGender Inequality And Gender Equality1667 Words   |  7 PagesGender inequality is the state in which access to rights or opportunities is affected by gender. Gender inequality is an issue not just nationally but globally. This issue is portrayed by the mistreating of individuals, mainly women, and not valuing everyone as one. This presentation will illustrate the exploration of gender equality, propose a solution and why that solution will produce a better future for a better world. Gender inequality is a very important issue common in our world today thatRead MoreGender Equality And Gender Inequality921 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the dictionary, the definition of gender equality is the state in which access to rights or opportunities is unaffected by gender. Gender inequality is happening, where women have less control over resources, less power than males, and fewer opportunities across social, economic, and political life. Gender inequality is happening because of women’s physical difference in education, work pay and job opportunities, family and culture, religion, and government. This is due to the stereotypicalRead MoreGender Inequality And Gender Equality1725 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent shades of green, with copious amounts of peace and tranquility. Gender equality, however, is something that seems to be left out of the typical picture of the ‘perfect society’. It is ironic that in the nation where ‘all men are creat ed equal’, there are so many restricting gender roles woven intricately into society, and from those restrictions come discriminations based solely on the gender of another human being. Gender roles have been suffocating seven billion people since the beginningsRead MoreGender Equality And Gender Inequality979 Words   |  4 Pages Throughout the past few decades, the gender inequality discourse have became a dominant feature of international, national and local policy debate on the subject of economic development. This policy concern has emerged as an area of scholarly research which seeks to show that improving gender equity leads to economic growth. Gender Inequality in Australia: According to the data published by Australian Bureau of Statistics in May 2015, the full time average earnings of women is $284.20 or 17.9%Read MoreGender Equality And Gender Inequality1255 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"You can’t do that because youre a girl†. When I was younger gender inequality would start with these certain statements that corrupted ladies and brought down their confidence into supposing they couldnt do certain things, since it was seen as a mens activity or wasnt sufficiently ladylike. Now that this is a worldwide issue our a nation has decided to pass a law were women and men are treated fairly in having equal opportunities, responsibilities and are equal regardless of their sex. ThisRead MoreGender Inequality And Gender Equality1367 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Gender has and continues to be a contentious issue within the legal profession. Despite Anti-Discrimination legislation and diversification of the supply side, women still account for only one-fifth of Partner positions. So whilst the glass ceiling may have been shattered to an extent, the â€Å"pipeline to power remains elusive for most women†. Engagement with gender can assist in explaining this paradox. When coupled with consideration of other social classifications such as race andRead MoreGender Inequality And Gender Equality1673 Words   |  7 Pages Gender inequality Women are one-half of the world population they deserve equal opportunity as men because at the end gender equality is part of humanity progress. Many women around the world are treated less favoured than men not only in countries that have traditional gender role but even in societies that believe in equal right for both male and female. Gender inequality means unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender. It results from differences in socially constructedRead MoreGender Inequality And Gender Equality Essay1540 Words   |  7 Pagesabout gender equality. It isn t a reality yet. Today, women make up half of the U.S. workforce, but the average working woman earns only seventy-seven percent of what the average working man makes. But unless women and men both say this is unacceptable, things will not change† stated Grammy Award winner, Beyoncà © (Knowles-Carter 34). Although in the twenty-first century, women are still fighting for equality to simply b e paid the same amount as men. The main causes of this gender inequality includeRead MoreGender Inequality And Gender Equality1387 Words   |  6 PagesStudies made me understand gender as a social construct used to differentiate between the sexes. Even how gender-roles played a role in women’s absence in education and the workforce, this systematic exclusion still takes place in Iran and highlights the privilege some men have over women. Even a nation as rich and powerful as the United States, equal opportunities for women are still lacking, most notably, the wage gap inequality. AAUW’s article The Simple Truth about the Gender Pay Gap, states that

Jehovah s Witness Home Has Its Ups And Its Downs

Growing up in a Jehovah s Witness home has its ups and its downs. Whether your parents are Jehovah s Witnesses or they started having a bible study, there are plenty of up sides and down sides. Religion is a strange thing to deal with; it is also a choice for each and every individual on this planet. As a Jehovah s Witness, you must put gods will first, before anything. In the publications â€Å"Questions Young People Ask: Answers That Work† Volumes from The Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, are actual young people who are Witnesses; they express the ups and the downs. These publications refer to scriptures in the New World Transcription of the Holy Scriptures Bible, (or in any bible you may have at home) as well as other information in encyclopedias and dictionaries. Overall, The Young People Ask Volumes go over topics such as dealing with family, identity, the classroom, sex, morals and love, behavior, feelings, physical change, money, time, and worship to thei r God; Jehovah. (Young People Ask Vol. 1 and 2) The faith in a youth as a Jehovah s Witness depends on how badly they value a friendship with God, their conscience and what they chose to do, and not to do as well as what to believe, and not to believe. In school, for example, youths may or may not be afraid to share their belief as a Jehovah s Witness. A Young man named Kaleb expressed that there were plenty of time for him to talk about his beliefs, yet he let those times pass (121). Why? YouthsShow MoreRelatedReligious Conflict Between The Nazis And Jehovah s Witnesses1575 Words   |  7 Pagesbehavioral grounds, among them Communists, Socialists, Jehovah s Witnesses, and homosexuals,† states The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum . Jehovah’s Witnesses were persecuted for the reason that they did not follow the Nazi’s ways and did not fight in the war with or against them. Many died because the Nazis would shoot them, put them in hot furnaces, or gas rooms where they would put a poisonous gas in a room where some witnesses were locked up in and eventually died in the poisonous room. InRead MoreThe Treaty Of Versailles Ended World War I1480 Words   |  6 Pagesinvestigation was the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum website. The museum’s Council includes many representatives, one of whom is Elie Wiesel, one of the world’s most famous Holocaust survivors. Obviously, the Museum’s information is valued since it has both historical information and valuable first-hand accounts. Furthermore, a value to this information is that it was initiated in 1976. Creating a museum decades after the incident allows the creators to correctly piece the Holocaust with its’ originsRead MoreThe Elements Of Genocide : Genocide1312 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the Holocaust the German soldiers wore swastikas, which symbolize the Nazi regime. In the concentration camps, criminals were marked with green inverted triangles, political prisoners were red, Homosexuals were characterized as pink, and Jehovah s Witness with purple one’s. All Jews were r equired to wear the Star of David.These symbols were give to distinguish between people. Since we all look alike. The Civil War in Darfur was also quite different. They didn’t have any symbolization institutedRead MoreEssay on Site Visit Report3917 Words   |  16 Pagesuse a different font size or color in order to assist me in differentiating your text from that of this template. Student Name: Raul Leal Name of Site Visit Location: Kingdom Hall of the Jehovah Witnesses Religious Tradition: Christianity Sub-tradition within Larger Religious Tradition: Jehovah Witnesses Date and Time Attended: Sunday, 3:00pm Address: 2341 Lake Rockaway Road Northwest City: Conyers Phone: 770-363-9245 Website (if available): Contact Name: Luis Rios ContactRead MoreCase Report On The Emergency Room2205 Words   |  9 Pages Case Report A 22-year Caucasian female Jehovah’s Witness, 28 week pregnant came to the emergency room in Australia, with a history of fever for 1 week, fatigue, extensive bruising, nose and gum bleeding. The patient was pregnant with her third child, and had 2 other children aged 2 and 4 years at home. The patient worked in the bank and was the primary breadwinner of the family as her husband was disabled after a motor vehicle accident and could not work. Laboratory tests revealed a white bloodRead MorePersecution In The Early Church3587 Words   |  15 Pagessouls of the disciples, and exhorting them to continue in the faith, and that we must through much tribulation enter into the kingdom of God. . Persecution in the early church In the first seven chapters of Acts, during the Apostles witness to Jerusalem, the Apostles were found in the temple preaching. Those in attendance of such sermons would have been the Sadducees and Pharisees. The message of a new kingdom reserved only for those who professed Christ would have angered the SadduceesRead More Religion in Singapore Essay1848 Words   |  8 Pagespassed in from generations down that are intended to give life a meaning or explain its origin. Many countries if not all have their own religion. Some practice one, others two and many others are known for their polygamous religions. Among these countries, we have Singapore. There are many religions in Singapore considering the fact that many ethnic groups exist. That is to say, there are many religions in Singapore as a result of their different beliefs. It is home to ten religions. ComingRead Moreloss and grief2960 Words   |  12 Pages Anger, Bargaining, Depression, and Acceptance and later added to more, Shock and Testing. The stages are set up in the following way – Shock Stage – The first response in hearing the unpleasant news, the person may freeze and be unable to take in what is being said. Denial Stage – This is a defence mechanism it is the refusal to accept what has happened. Anger Stage – This is when the person will suffer feelings of rage and may look for someone to blameRead MoreEssay on Liberty University Bibl 323 John Module 7 Notes9691 Words   |  39 Pagesthose you gave me.’ Then Simon Peter, who had a sword, drew it and struck the high priest’s servant, cutting off his right ear. (The servant’s name was Malchus.) Jesus commanded Peter, ‘Put your sword away! Shall I not drink the cup the Father has given me?’ Then the detachment of soldiers with its commander and the Jewish officials arrested Jesus. They bound Him and brought Him first to Annas, who was the father-in-law of Caiaphas, the high priest that year. Caiaphas was the one who had advisedRead MoreEssay on HNC Social Care Grief Loss3644 Words   |  15 Pagesor illness, gaining a criminal record (identity loss), losing our job, home or ending a relationship; we all experience loss that will trigger grief but some experiences can be less in tense. Kubler-Ross (2005) argued that there were five stages of grief, these being the following stages: Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression and Acceptance. She believes these five stages of grief are part of the framework that makes up our learning to live with the one we have lost and feels these stages make

Code of Ethics Analysis Free Essays

Kristen has been a social worker for over ten years; she has always presented herself in a professional manner and has never had any conflicts or ethical dilemmas when working a case. However, her recent case has changed this and Kristen has begun to feel a mutual sexual attraction towards one of her clients. She is trying her best not to let this affect her work but she has noticed that it is becoming an issue for her and she is unable to think clearly about the case. We will write a custom essay sample on Code of Ethics Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Kristen must now make a decision on whether she should remove herself from the case and avoid any further contact with this client or continue working the case and have this dilemma on her hands. The NASW Code of Ethics (2003) offers a straightforward guide about sexual relationships with clients and those closely related to them. According to the NASW Code of Ethics, social workers should under no circumstance engage in any type of sexual contact or activities with a clients, relatives, or individuals in which the clients have a personal relationship with. Such contact could be detrimental to the health and well being of the client. This is fully stated in Section 1.09 Sexual Relationships of the NASW Code of Ethics (2003). The code offers an ethical guideline for social workers to follow and is adequate for the intended use of the service provider. Though the code offers guidance for this particular ethical dilemma it does not actually forbid it, which in my opinion it should. If any type of sexual conduct is conducted between a social worker and their client, there should be serious consequences, such as termination or suspension, for such unethical behavior. The social worker may want to speak with a licensed professional about the matter at hand and figure out a way to resolve the issue before it becomes a major issue for the client and their case as well. How to cite Code of Ethics Analysis, Essay examples

Moderating Role of Socioeconomic Development †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Moderating Role of Socioeconomic Development. Answer: Introduction Managing work priorities is essential for the employees that can be achieved by maintain proper balance both personally and professionally. As commented by Groysberg and Abrahams (2014), personal and professional balance helps the individuals in achieving targets along with developing their skills throughout the career. Therefore, both the employee and the organizational performance are enhanced due to proper management of work priorities. This report highlights the future actions that can be used by individuals for both personal and professional development. The report highlights setting of goals and aligning them to the business goals along with managing time and prioritizing work activities. Additionally, the report emphasizes of identifying development opportunities thereby, maintaining professional competence. As a manager of the organization, my role is to willingly examine and prepare the skills and goals. This will help in staying in the right track by considering the professional development. As a manager, I need to ask myself whether I have the skills or attitude for the role allocated for me. My role as a manager includes: Appropriate planning and time management Ensuring systematic work and being organized Providing the employees with appropriate resources and performance management Monitoring the code of conduct and employee performance Maintaining confidentiality of the companys information Reporting the senior management of the company The business goals of the organization include: Increase profitability Increasing employee retention Increased organizational efficiency Organizational growth The organizational policies include: Ensuring confidentiality Access and equity Codes of conduct Risk management Human resources Health and safety The organizational procedures include: Employee incident response, reporting and investigation Service access Alcohol consumption in workplace Client documentation and records Code of conduct Discipline and termination Equal employment opportunity Staff meetings including meetings for staff supervision The list of organizational policies, procedures and plans are developed based on which the role and responsibilities of the manager is developed. This provides an opportunity for the managers to achieve the organizational goals by increasing the employee and organizational performance. Establish five personal and team goals The team goals include: To achieve maximum customer service To help the HR and the IT department in continuing recruitment procedure effectively To organize meetings with the internal and external stakeholders in order to gain deeper insight of the present business requirement To complete the tasks undertaken within deadline and being organized The personal goals include: To increase the morale of the team To complete the tasks and goals I have set for myself thereby, increasing the profit of all departments by 60% Establish effective communication within the team As commented by Davila, Epstein and Shelton (2012), setting goals help the business organizations to increase the overall profitability of the organizations. The goals set by the organization have to be specific, measurable, attainable, and realistic and time specific. According to McGivern et al. (2015), having set goal provides an opportunity for the business organizations to move forward and gain competitive advantage. Goals help in ensuring internal measurement by enhancing the morale of the employees. It is effective for the business organizations to set goals, as it helps in organizational progress. This is because goal settings provide a sense of purpose and direction towards which the organization and the employees move. The SMART framework is one of the best frameworks that need to be considered while developing goals and objectives. As mentioned by Galea, Houkes and De Rijk (2014), developing personal and professional goal setting ensures both personal and professional prog ress. Having goals provided a direction to the organization and the individual thereby, allowing them to develop strategies to work towards it by developing appropriate strategies. Developing KPIs for measuring performance related to work goals Business organizations develop key performance indicators in order to determine the performance of the employees and the organizations thereby, enhancing the overall performance. As commented by Parmenter (2015), based on the type of the business, the KPI developed is distinct thereby, helping in effective performance indicator. The different types of key performance indicators include sales metrics KPI, marketing metrics KPI, financial metrics KPI and supply chain metrics KPI. According to Neiger et al. (2012), KPI help in assisting the business organizations in defining and measuring the progress simultaneously in order to achieve the organizational goals and objectives. Additionally, KPI also helps the business organizations remaining on track and attaining the beneficial outcome. For example, a certain instances KPIs are used in projects in order to measure the delivery of the service. As mentioned by Wu (2012), effective and successful performance is dined when the goals are achieved efficiently. Therefore, it is essential for me to maintain personal performances in varying working conditions and contingencies. According to me, five major steps help in maintaining performance under any working conditions and contingencies. The following steps can be followed in order to maintain performance under varying conditions and contingencies: Step 1: Identifying the available time for completing the task Step 2: Listing the essential tasks that needs to be conducted in order to complete the task successfully Step 3: Scheduling the high priority urgent tasks in order to ensure progress for the goal Step 4: Blocking appropriate contingency time in order to develop the ability to handle unpredictable situations Step 5: In the remaining time, scheduling the activities that address my priorities and personal goals Activities for achieving the goals related to work A wide range of activities needs to be planned and conducted in an organized manner in order to achieve the goals or objectives successfully. As commented by Koerner (2014), an action plan or strategy needs to be developed in order to proceed towards the goal. The range of activities to advance work goals include making a list, having clear objectives, reviewing daily, daily to-do list, long terms and short term goals, specific action plans, effective communication and time management. Additionally, having a realistic and measurable approach also helps in advancing the work goals (Kath et al. 2013). Within the range of activities that needs to be undertaken to complete the tasks successfully, the ones with top priority includes having clear set of objectives, maintaining a daily check list, developing short term goals, time management and maintaining an effective communication. As mentioned by Bakker, Tims and Derks (2012), having a clear set of objectives helps the individuals in st rategizing appropriately to achieve the goal. Therefore, one of the significant responsibilities of the manager is to have a clear objective and communicate it effectively to the team members. Effective communication helps in clear flow of information within the team thereby, making it easy to track the progress and communication among the team members. Additionally, effective communication also helps in building a strong relationship within the team members that eventually makes it easier to achieve the goals (Shockley-Zalabak 2014). Time management is a crucial aspect as this helps in appropriate planning by allocating time for the short-term goals. Achieving the short-term goals successfully motivates the team members thereby, ensuring dedication and enthusiasm to accomplish the goal successfully. The two work goals that needs to be achieved are: To achieve maximum customer service To complete the tasks undertaken within deadline and being organized Work activity Description Goal/s KPIs Time frame Person responsible Time management Effective communication Creating short-term goals Maintaining a daily check list Improving customer service. Developing strategies Evaluating the current market trend and customer demands To increase the customer service by 20% Overall satisfaction of the customers (Customer satisfaction Score) Net Promoter Score (NPS) First response time Customer retention rate SERVQUAL Within 6 months The management The manager The employees Time management Effective communication Being organized Reviewing daily work Maintaining a daily to-do check list Arranging meetings daily Effective communication within the team members Organizing training Maintaining a daily to-do list To complete the tasks undertaken within deadline and being organized Alignment between internal and external goals SMART objectives r goals SMARTER objectives and goals Within 2 months since the initiation of the project The team members The manager Ensuring a positive role model by managing life balance, stress and health There is no agreed definition of work-life balance but it does appear that the right balance for one person may differ from the next. Balance is achieved in different ways for different people. Some people do it to balance their caring responsibilities for children with work, while others want more time to themselves, engaging in leisure activities. Effectiveness and efficiency are likely to improve if an individual maintain an appropriate work-life balance and control stress levels. Reducing stress, allows a person to manage better your energy and efficiency. Increased concentration and a less stressed workforce ensures increased productivity. Work-life balance, in its broadest sense, is defined as a satisfactory level of involvement or fit between the multiple roles in a persons life (Darcy et al. 2012). Work-life balance for any one person is having the right combination of participation in paid work (defined by hours and working conditions) and other aspects of their lives. This combination will change as people move through life and have changing responsibilities and commitments in their work and personal lives. Work-life balance policies can assist employees achieving the balance between their work and personal commitments that is right for them. The policies need to be supported by the workplace culture, which reflects the beliefs, values and norms of the whole of the organisation from the CEO to staff members. Other important factors in the success of work-life balance policies include proper communication of commitment to the policies to existing and future employees, raising awareness of the policies, education of managers about the importance of policies, and training of managers on how to implement these policies (Sortheix and Lonnqvist 2014). To ensure the maintenance of organisational standards, take steps to monitor and assess individual performance. Utilise individual job description, duty statement or statement of conduct and performance appraisal as a tool to measure your professional competency. These documents can assist an individual in determining your level of personal knowledge and skills. They will help the individual prioritise the activities to ensure that the work is done efficiently and effectively (Kunter et al. 2013). It is important that the individuals also take steps to monitor their performance. Competency standards can be used to measure the level of your performance. A competency standard is a document used as a frame of reference by your employer to determine how they expect the job and the performance of the job to be done and to determine how competent an individual is at their job. Competency standards aim to ensure that the individual can perform at a specified minimal level. Nationally endorsed units of competency consistent with work requirements, these are recognised nationwide and service as a basis for assessment and the issue of formal qualifications ? Enterprise-specific units of competency consistent with work requirements Organisational standards that are in-house and specific to your employer In-house standards are developed to ensure you meet the minimal level for your employer. If you identify weaknesses in competency standards, corrective action should be taken to address the issue. Assessing professional competencies Performance can be measured in several different ways including: Observing peoples reactions to you - For interpersonal relations and to reinforce individual as position as a role model, take the time to observe whether personnel react to the person in a positive manner. Particular attention should be paid to others body language (Rudd et al. 2014). Do people ask for your opinion? - If no one asks for the opinion of an individual, a red flag should be raised. The individual have either intimidated them and dont feel they can approach you or they do not respect your opinion. Do not make assumptions. Gather feedback to find out the actual situation (Moen et al. 2013). Exposure to other members of management - Communication is a two way process. Understand what other members of management think about your skills and knowledge. Observe their skills and knowledge to assist you in identifying ways in which you can improve your own personal skills and knowledge (Moreland, Levine and Wingert 2013). Identify what skills, knowledge and behaviours are required for you to do your job well: At this stage, it is also worth thinking about the skills, knowledge and behaviours that you may need to develop in the future in your current job. The individual may know, for example, that the role will be changing or that the individual will be working on different projects or that the individual is interested in a career change. What new or different skills, knowledge and behaviours will the individual need? Go back to the life or career goals to include in your development plan (Cottrell 2015). Look at the skills, knowledge and behaviours you actually have now: It is important to ask some rigorous questions at this stage and answer honestly. Are there areas of work, for example, where developing more confidence would make a real difference to individual success in the job? Are there knowledge, skills and behaviours that individual only need on occasion that would benefit from some development (Todd and Binns 2013). Compare actual with required to identify the gaps: Try to be as specific as possible about what the individuals need to do differently. This will really help the individuals when deciding how to address the development needs in the best way possible. It will also help the individual review and measure their success. Decide how to meet identified needs: The next step is how best to address the development needs you have identified. Practicalities ? How do I prefer to learn? Finding the best solution Where to go for more help Developing professional development plans Time frame Description of opportunity/ training Skills/ competency to develop Within 6 months Communicating with team members daily Working on both verbal and non-verbal communication Patiently listening to the team members Keeping aside personal agenda Effective communication Within 3 months Maintaining a daily to-do list Following up with the team members Allocating specific time for each task Writing the progress daily Time management Conclusion In this report, it can be concluded that it is essential to manage personal work priorities in order to ensure professional development. Managing personal and professional work effectively helps in successful completion of work thereby, ensuring accomplishment of goals. As a manager, it is essential to influence the employees along with fulfilling the professional responsibilities successfully at work. This helps in enhancing the overall performance of the organization and the team members. In order to achieve the organizational goals successful, it is essential to emphasize on effective communication, time management, having clear set of objectives, prioritizing the tasks along with maintaining a daily commotion checklist. This helps in keeping track of the progress of the project and predict the future of the project. References Bakker, A.B., Tims, M. and Derks, D., 2012. Proactive personality and job performance: The role of job crafting and work engagement. Human relations, 65(10), pp.1359-1378. Cottrell, S., 2015. Skills for success: Personal development and employability. Palgrave Macmillan. Darcy, C., McCarthy, A., Hill, J. and Grady, G., 2012. Worklife balance: One size fits all? An exploratory analysis of the differential effects of career stage. European Management Journal, 30(2), pp.111-120. Davila, T., Epstein, M. and Shelton, R., 2012. Making innovation work: How to manage it, measure it, and profit from it. FT press. Galea, C., Houkes, I. and De Rijk, A., 2014. An insider's point of view: how a system of flexible working hours helps employees to strike a proper balance between work and personal life. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(8), pp.1090-1111. Groysberg, B. and Abrahams, R., 2014. Manage your work, manage your life. Harvard Business Review, 92(3), pp.58-66. Kath, L.M., Stichler, J.F., Ehrhart, M.G. and Sievers, A., 2013. Predictors of nurse manager stress: a dominance analysis of potential work environment stressors. International journal of nursing studies, 50(11), pp.1474-1480. Koerner, M.M., 2014. Courage as identity work: Accounts of workplace courage. Academy of Management Journal, 57(1), pp.63-93. Kunter, M., Klusmann, U., Baumert, J., Richter, D., Voss, T. and Hachfeld, A., 2013. Professional competence of teachers: Effects on instructional quality and student development. Journal of Educational Psychology, 105(3), p.805. McGivern, G., Currie, G., Ferlie, E., Fitzgerald, L. and Waring, J., 2015. HYBRID MANAGERPROFESSIONALS'IDENTITY WORK: THE MAINTENANCE AND HYBRIDIZATION OF MEDICAL PROFESSIONALISM IN MANAGERIAL CONTEXTS. Public Administration, 93(2), pp.412-432. Moen, P., Lam, J., Ammons, S. and Kelly, E.L., 2013. Time work by overworked professionals: Strategies in response to the stress of higher status. Work and Occupations, 40(2), pp.79-114. Moreland, R.L., Levine, J.M. and Wingert, M.L., 2013. Creating the ideal group: Composition effects at work. Understanding group behavior, 2, pp.11-35. Neiger, B.L., Thackeray, R., Van Wagenen, S.A., Hanson, C.L., West, J.H., Barnes, M.D. and Fagen, M.C., 2012. Use of social media in health promotion: purposes, key performance indicators, and evaluation metrics. Health promotion practice, 13(2), pp.159-164. Parmenter, D., 2015. Key performance indicators: developing, implementing, and using winning KPIs. John Wiley Sons. Rudd, M.A., Ankley, G.T., Boxall, A. and Brooks, B.W., 2014. International scientists' priorities for research on pharmaceutical and personal care products in the environment. Integrated environmental assessment and management, 10(4), pp.576-587. Shockley-Zalabak, P., 2014. Fundamentals of organizational communication. Pearson. Sortheix, F.M. and Lnnqvist, J.E., 2014. Personal value priorities and life satisfaction in Europe: The moderating role of socioeconomic development. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 45(2), pp.282-299. Todd, P. and Binns, J., 2013. Worklife balance: is it now a problem for management?. Gender, Work Organization, 20(3), pp.219-231. Wu, H.Y., 2012. Constructing a strategy map for banking institutions with key performance indicators of the balanced scorecard. Evaluation and Program Planning, 35(3), pp.303-320.

Quantitative Stratified Sampling free essay sample

Any measure to characterize a variable of a sample is called a) a sample b) a census c) a statistics d) a parameter 2. The score of student’s aptitude test is an example of a) a categorical nominal data b) a categorical ordinal data c) a continuous interval numerical data d) a discrete interval numerical data e) a continuous ratio numerical data f) a discrete ratio numerical data 3. Which one(s) could be used for analyzing nominal data? Circle all applied. a) percentage b) percentile c) CV d) mean e) standard deviation 4. Which one could be used for analyzing ordinal data? Circle all applied. a) percentage b) percentile c) CV d) mean e) standard deviation 5. If we like to check the reliability of an instrument using similar instrument which measures same concepts and/or constructs, it is a) test-retest reliability b) equivalence reliability c) internal reliability d) inter-rater reliability e) intra-rater reliability 6. If your survey instrument is very sensitive to the â€Å"halo effect†, which one could have the most serious? a) Mail survey b) Phone survey c) Face to face interview d) Structured record review e) Structured observation 7. Please write down four factors which affect sampling error and for each factor, write down the effect of sampling error (i.e., if a factor is up, then what happens to the sampling error) 8. Please write down four factors to decide sample size and for each factor, write down the effect of sample size (i.e., if a factor is up, then what happens to the sample size) 9. Please write down when the systematic sampling is better than simple random sampling. 10. Please write down why we do validity tests for a survey instrument. Please write down why we do reliability tests for a survey instrument. 11. Please explain the concept of precision and accuracy with respect to reliability and validity. 12. CEO of an Auto maker company is concerned about the recent report of an economic journal. The journal says that complaints of SUV customers in US are increasing and varied. As such, she likes to know about satisfaction and demographic information about her customers who bought SUV which her company made recently. Let us assume that satisfaction is the main variable. The sampling design is following: 100 customers were selected from a list of customers who had applied for auto loan through her company. A sampling  technique was the stratified sampling with the gender of customer as strata. From the analysis of loan applications, the following information was obtained: Gender (male =55% and female =45%), Age (Young=30%, Middle=50%. Old=20%), Residential (West=30%, Midwest=15%, East=35%, South=20%). a) Please explain the procedure how to take 100 customers by the stratified sampling with gender as strata. b) Is the stratified sampling better than the simple random sampling? Explain. 13. Continued from question #13: Even though the cost of inviting is large, she decided to invite them since she liked to have a precise data. The CEO had sent invitation letters to 100 customers selected by the stratified sampling and 60 of them accepted the invitation. The CEO interviewed them to collect the data and used the outputs of interview to do statistical analysis with 99% confidence. From the 60 customers interviewed, the following information is obtained: Gender (Male =30%, female=70%), Age (Young=10%, Middle=25%, Old=65%), Residential (West=25%, Midwest=20%, East=40%, South=15%). a) Please identify population element, target population, sampled population, frame, and unit. b) Please talk about four survey errors that the CEO might have in doing this research. c) For each survey error presented, please discuss whether the error might be serious or not for this case. d) Please talk about how to improve accuracy and precision of survey for this case. e) Please explain that 100 customers are large enough for this case.

Platos thoughts about education

The modern governing system is a complex network of political parties, and the work of such parties involves moving towards the administration and order in the country. Very often, there are inequalities in the rulings of the governments and social divisions.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on Plato’s thoughts about education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The battle between different classes in society, democracy, human rights and the type of government are born through people having private property and the amount, as well as quality of the said attributes connected to the government and its goals. Plato was one amongst several famous thinkers who extensively spoke about government, its types and how the social life and education were all interconnected within a civilized nation. The reality of today shows that there are many people who possess much more than is needed for the necessities of life. T his can be said about any society, as there are always people who are more successful than a large portion of the population and this is true of any nation. Modernization has changed the world, as such, information and knowledge—education, is beginning to play the most important role in the governance and understanding of politics and how the world works. Plato’s thoughts about education focused on the search for talented people and then giving them best education. Then, these people will be running the country because they are better skilled and educated. The state or government will be responsible for giving education to the children and so, the people will get the learning and training that the government and society must have for a well-balanced population. Arts, music and moral development were key points in Plato’s understanding of the learning process which leads to proper governance. Both Aristotle and Plato believed that people must be well educated for the state and benefit of society. Aristotle’s strategy in education, on the other hand, is more structured and repetitive, and it is a good thing because it makes a person used to the order. But human nature is a big part of learning process and a person must trust his or her own feelings and thoughts.Advertising Looking for book review on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Plato’s â€Å"Republic† is filled with moral questions that pertain to forms of government and the most rightful way of carrying out order. One of the problems of the governmental system is that it is centralized; this leads to an inability to closely detail the issues that are the concern of localities and communities. The government should adhere to the issues of the society and the needs of majority. It is extremely difficult to analyze the necessities of people when the physical and moral location is so far away. The workin g class is forced to exist down below, as they have no voice and ability to spring to power. This type of life was existent before and is still continuing. People are very much limited by their resources and ability to voice an opinion that will be heard. One of the most important aspects of any national and working class movement is the organization. The population must be educated on the current issues and unite with the common goal. The main point is to establish a democratic government. It is also desired that countries increase their standards to the international level and join in the mission to help others. This is the time when the developed and the developing worlds should come together in the common direction towards democracy and world peace. This can be seen as a globalization of the world but without the negative effect, which is usually attributed to globalization, in destroying the fabric of the country and its culture. Presently, the countries that are members of NAT O are all liberal market democracies and the decisions taken are usually put forward by the richest members. Moreover, in finding ways on how to address the poorer nations and help them find new ways of functioning, the members simply try to include their participation in the market economy, instead of helping directly. As Plato’s views are reflected in Aristotle’s writings on constitution and government, it is clear that the best type of government is where people have their rights and freedoms protected, and the government exists for the people. As such, the implementation of certain conditions that would require a country to change economic and political set up and act as a tradeoff between people and rulers, it could be one the best avenues to take.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on Plato’s thoughts about education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is greatly noticeable that the co operation between the counties and nation with democracy is beneficial to the partnering nations or each individual one. Comparing to the countries where there is anarchy, people live for constant fight with the hope to someday attain victory. The political system of the world makes cooperation very hard but not impossible. One of the most important aspects of democracy between democratic countries, are the citizens and the opinions and relationship they have with the government. It is obvious that even in the ancient times people realized that democracy and parliament are the best primary form of government, while the cooperation and unions of countries and nations is the second step in world unification. Classical conservatives define true national freedom as a privilege that must be controlled from reaching chaotic behaviors. Freedom itself is a good thing but when people are allowed to do whatever they want, they start to act in their own interests and to the detriment of societ y. The government exists, so that it places certain restrains on the individuals in their actions. It must be a part of the orderly system that acts in the greater good of the whole society. The government is beneficial, as it sets criteria on what people can and cannot do, in a civilized manner, thus contributing to the freedom of everyone equally. Aristotle transfers over an idea that was shared with Plato, which is a form of â€Å"personal† relationship with the state or government. There must be a mutual and beneficial relationship between the two, as royalty and trust are an intricate part of any action. The liberals suggest that a government is true when it acts in the greatest benefit of people, works towards disarming of the military while conservatives apt for armed control.Advertising Looking for book review on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There has been an idea that in case disarming does take place, if there was a chance of war breaking out, the peaceful countries would gather their forces in advance. This would create a great amount of force and deter any violent conflict. In the study of the reasons why democracies have the right idea, realism is the method that is used most often. It is governed by the criteria that all states move towards power and security, while having an anarchic system. And in reality, it is the international system and not the governments themselves that determines the policies of a country. There were several studies that tried to find out the real reason why there was no open conflict between democracies. Some research showed that alongside war there were questionable conditions: civil strife, trade practice, covert subversion. At the same time, there was crisis-management, alliance membership, international treaties and dispute mediation. In reality, it is hard to establish if the democr atic countries are more perfect. There has been countless research that tried to prove if this fact is indeed true. The results showed controversial information; with some even being that this statement is not true. The problem lies in the times that these researches were carried out and the way the society and the world organizations defined proper state of affairs, conflict and peace. Very often, it was said that the only thing that these countries avoided, was openly violent conflict. Throughout history the government has exhibited certain qualities that stay the same even in the modern days. People are always demanding better lives and the governments come up with reasons why these demands cannot be met. In the end, the social battle is between two organizations. The government which has all the resources, power and control and the social class that struggles to make ends meet and support the order and proper ways of life. There are people that know things re supposed to be, and they are thought of as the great thinkers. It is a sad truth, but it should be the other way around, people with great ideas in the government, instead of as outsiders and simple folk. This book review on Plato’s thoughts about education was written and submitted by user Rex Z. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Technology and the Evolution of Communication Essay Example

Technology and the Evolution of Communication Essay Technology and the Evolution of Communication Technology, driven by innovation, provided people with the ability to communicate with other people all over the world. Some would say this technology helped the masses to become more introverted as it has the potential to separate individuals from the neighbors across the street. The online environment was once used infrequently as cyberspace remained relatively unknown to the public. Individuals received their bills in the mail and in turn, wrote a check to pay the amount due, added a stamp to the return envelope, and returned it through the mail service. In 1990, Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau created the World Wide Web while working on hypertext systems (Groff Pollermann, 1992). Technology by definition, is the means or activity by which man seeks to change or manipulate his environment (History of technology, 2010). As long as man has existed on earth, advancement has been accomplished by some type of technology. Dating back to the stone age, it is evident that technology existed in the simplest form as a spear or bow and arrow, which were used throughout most of the populated earth. Innovation provided a way for the weapons to be sharper and faster. Evidence of these innovations exists in the form of cave paintings spanning from Australia to areas in southern France and northern Spain. Although the date of the invention of the potters wheel, the bow drill, and the pole lathe is unknown, some speculate that it was in the Late Neolithic Period. These invented and refined items helped the people of that period to fish, hunt game, and gather food. These people developed basic tools and weapons created by using the raw materials they had at their disposal. We will write a custom essay sample on Technology and the Evolution of Communication specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Technology and the Evolution of Communication specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Technology and the Evolution of Communication specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer These weapons were then used to hunt for food, and the tools were needed to help with the development of food production. The basic need to eat generated innovations through the years and the gathering of food meant there was a need for planting, harvesting, and creating an irrigation system that worked to water the crops. Technology was at work as they created tools to help them plant, grow, and harvest their crops (History of technology, 2010). Giving consideration to these facts, humans moved forward in history. From the beginning stages of technology and the events during the Stone Age, to what people presently know and use in the world of technology, historians recognize that there may have been phases when technology developed at a diminished pace. Even through all this, the evolution of the concept was never completely halted. In the 19th century, the industrial revolution had a direct affect on the economic development of the United States as well as Britain and Europe. Four major inventions developed during this time, set the stage for future events. These included improvements made in the manufacturing processes within the textile industry, the invention of the telephone, the harnessing of electricity, and the expansion of transportation across the country into areas that previously took days and weeks to reach (Kelly, 2010). As one of the most recognized times for technology pushing innovation, this period in history provided man with the understanding and capability to invent new and faster ways of producing, developing, and traveling. During this same period, three inventors made a lasting change on the way in which people continue to communicate, even today. Thomas Edison was the first of the most recognized inventors of the time. His inventions, which included the phonograph, the light bulb, and the motion picture, had a direct affect on Americas growth as well as its history. The second of the inventors, celebrated for his lasting contributions to communication, was Samuel F. B. Morse, recognized for how he changed the public communication system through the use of the telegraph. Morses invention revolutionized the transmission of messages, not to mention the means and distance by which they were sent and received. It allowed the public to move information at a much more rapid pace than they had previously experienced. Finally, the heralded inventor of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell, deserves equal credit among the inventors for his powerful invention that, again, altered the realm of communication (Kelly, 2010). The importance of these inventions celebrated during the industrial revolution remains apparent. The modes of communication and social interaction that began in the 19th century laid the foundation for the social networking cycle that would rapidly evolve throughout history. In reviewing the timeline below (Table one), it is apparent that there has been an on-going push for advancement within the realm of communication. Table one Hewlett Packard (HP) foundedCompuServe introduces online serviceE-mail introducedComputers introduced to publicCyberspace term coinedWorld Wide Web introduced to publicE-mail becomes more popular than postal mailWeblogs begin to appearMySpace is foundedFacebook is foundedYouTube is foundedSocial networking is one of the most influential modes of communication 193919691972197719841991199619982003200420052010 Computers enable the public to utilize the world wide web as a social networking tool Note. History timelines of events, 2006, history-timelines. org. uk/events The article, Social Networking (Coyle, Vaughn, 2008), supports the ideas that social networking has evolved at a rapid pace. This type of communication has been used for many reasons and has slowly and steadily evolved over the years to include such things as basic networking, discussion of common hobbies, and finding lost friends and loved ones via the computer. Over the course of many years, technology, and thus the very civilization, has progressed from the introduction of more advanced and challenging online services, to the World Wide Web of social networking. In this arena, the average individual can expect to quickly and easily conduct everyday business that may include such luxuries as online work meetings or alternate methods for paying bills. With these advancements in technology, e-mail steadily became more convenient and gradually gained popularity, replacing services once provided by the postal service. In considering the goods and services readily available to ordinary people via the World Wide Web, not to mention the ease and convenience of such services, one must marvel at the evolution of technology and what it has afforded us, all in such a short timeframe. Most recently, innovations in the world of social networking have made it a giant in the world of advanced online communications. As the public gains familiarity with cyberspace, the popularity of these available resources has become more prominent in the everyday world. The year 2010 has seen social networking become one of the most influential modes of communication. MySpace, introduced in 2003, remains one of the most visited sites on the web today, with sites such as Facebook and Twitter close on its heels and rapidly gaining popularity. Even with the obvious advancements and advantages technology offers everyday individuals, skepticism remains. Many believe that the evolution of technology has been a necessary component when addressing advancement and considering new ways to live our lives. Critics contend that, even with the convenience and practicality associated with the use of the innovations and technology, pitfalls exist. Sherry Turkle raised concerns pertaining to the Internet. She invested considerable time and energy engaged with her team in observations and studies focused on the negative aspects of technology and the important place that it holds in our society. Based upon their findings, Sherry and her team concluded that too many people are spending too much time online creating imaginary identities, living in a virtual reality, and spending too many hours living in parallel worlds. Sherry believes that we need to take a second look at the consequences of living in virtual worlds and how individuals can quite possibly lose their identity. She contends that we must step back and consider these dangers before aggressively moving into the future. In addition to arguments that contend that we have become victims of parallel worlds, there exists the reality that schools and classrooms have access to the Internet and have been affected by the ease and availability of technology and communication. Some would caution that the information available on computer programs and the Internet, though helpful for students living and working in today’s society, may have its disadvantages. An example of this type of concern is found when one considers such media as a PowerPoint presentation used in today’s classrooms. Although the creation of this format lends itself to more effectively presenting information, it is also a means that limits the challenge a student is afforded. One study found that although this format was successful in presenting the necessary information for students, the bullet-point outline seemed to discourage the amount of give-and-take during discussions (Turkle, 2003). One may consider that we have quite possibly become too caught up with these computer generated programs, and argue our society has gone past the point of no return. Is this the point of no return, or are we learning to live in an Internet based, computerized generation? Both our future and the future of technology are hinged on the necessity to comprehend and master cyberspace. This includes the World Wide Web and all its qualities, both good and bad. People looking for an escape or trying to find a new reality can easily find it on the web. The Internet provides a wide range of resources spanning from basic gaming to running a business. Each person who logs onto the Internet has the choice between meaningful and trivial content. This is one of the freedoms afforded us through the World Wide Web. Social networking sites are gaining popularity for their convenience and ease, making life less complicated for many. Table two Note. Top five Social Networking Sites ranked according to Retention Rate, April 2006 Source: Nielsen//NetRatings, May 2006 Table two shows the gaining popularity of social networking and the retention rates achieved up to April 2006. The chain of events that has led up to our societys ability to lose themselves online began with an invention. The invention of the computer was the beginning of the information age. This invention, followed shortly thereafter by online service, public access to the Internet, and finally, the development of the World Wide Web, were steps in a progressive chain that would eventually take people into the future. Once the public understood how to access the web, communication took on a new look. E-mail became a major communication tool, weblogs became a venue for people to chat and speak their minds, and then websites such as MySpace, Facebook, and YouTube began to catch on as people used these sites to communicate as well as locate one another. The negative aspect of this new venue seems to be the amount of time spent on their computers and less time interfacing with other humans. Technology and innovation are necessary for humans to advance. Although some would argue that this is creating a society of introverts, I would argue otherwise. The technology that we use today is driven by innovation, and innovation is the key ingredient necessary for people to recognize a need, and then fill it. One could argue that they go hand-in-hand. The leaders of tomorrow will be mastering this very technology. We are not creating introverts, but merely reaching out and grasping what tomorrow will bring. References Coyle, C. , Vaughn, H. (2008). Social networking: Communication revolution or evolution?. Bell Labs Technical Journal, 13(2), 13-17. Retrieved February 7, 2010, doi:10. 1002/bltj. 20298. Groff, J. , Pollermann, B. (1992). World wide web (WWW) history Software engineering, artificial intelligence and expert systems for high energy and nuclear physics. La LondelesMaures, France (retrieved February 10, 2010). History of technology. (2010). In Encyclop? dia Britannica. Retrieved February 10, 2010, from Encyclop? dia Britannica Online:   http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/1350805/history-of-technology  History timelines of events. (2006). Retrieved February 16, 2010, from Google: http://www. istory-timelines. org. uk/events-timelines/index. htm. Kelly, M. (2010). Top 10 significant industrial revolution inventors (American History). Retrieved Feb 16, 2010, http://americanhistory. about. com/od/industrialrev/tp/inventors. htm McMillin, K. (1999, April 1). Technology advancements driven by scientists or artists. Retrieved February 16, 2010 from Offshore,59, 3/8. Turkle, S. (2003). Technology and Human Vulnerability. Harvard Business Review, 81(9), 43-50. Retrieved February 16, 2010, from Business Source Complete database. Technology and the Evolution of Communication Essay Example Technology and the Evolution of Communication Essay Technology and the Evolution of Communication Technology, driven by innovation, provided people with the ability to communicate with other people all over the world. Some would say this technology helped the masses to become more introverted as it has the potential to separate individuals from the neighbors across the street. The online environment was once used infrequently as cyberspace remained relatively unknown to the public. Individuals received their bills in the mail and in turn, wrote a check to pay the amount due, added a stamp to the return envelope, and returned it through the mail service. In 1990, Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau created the World Wide Web while working on hypertext systems (Groff Pollermann, 1992). Technology by definition, is the means or activity by which man seeks to change or manipulate his environment (History of technology, 2010). As long as man has existed on earth, advancement has been accomplished by some type of technology. Dating back to the stone age, it is evident that technology existed in the simplest form as a spear or bow and arrow, which were used throughout most of the populated earth. Innovation provided a way for the weapons to be sharper and faster. Evidence of these innovations exists in the form of cave paintings spanning from Australia to areas in southern France and northern Spain. Although the date of the invention of the potters wheel, the bow drill, and the pole lathe is unknown, some speculate that it was in the Late Neolithic Period. These invented and refined items helped the people of that period to fish, hunt game, and gather food. These people developed basic tools and weapons created by using the raw materials they had at their disposal. We will write a custom essay sample on Technology and the Evolution of Communication specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Technology and the Evolution of Communication specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Technology and the Evolution of Communication specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer These weapons were then used to hunt for food, and the tools were needed to help with the development of food production. The basic need to eat generated innovations through the years and the gathering of food meant there was a need for planting, harvesting, and creating an irrigation system that worked to water the crops. Technology was at work as they created tools to help them plant, grow, and harvest their crops (History of technology, 2010). Giving consideration to these facts, humans moved forward in history. From the beginning stages of technology and the events during the Stone Age, to what people presently know and use in the world of technology, historians recognize that there may have been phases when technology developed at a diminished pace. Even through all this, the evolution of the concept was never completely halted. In the 19th century, the industrial revolution had a direct affect on the economic development of the United States as well as Britain and Europe. Four major inventions developed during this time, set the stage for future events. These included improvements made in the manufacturing processes within the textile industry, the invention of the telephone, the harnessing of electricity, and the expansion of transportation across the country into areas that previously took days and weeks to reach (Kelly, 2010). As one of the most recognized times for technology pushing innovation, this period in history provided man with the understanding and capability to invent new and faster ways of producing, developing, and traveling. During this same period, three inventors made a lasting change on the way in which people continue to communicate, even today. Thomas Edison was the first of the most recognized inventors of the time. His inventions, which included the phonograph, the light bulb, and the motion picture, had a direct affect on Americas growth as well as its history. The second of the inventors, celebrated for his lasting contributions to communication, was Samuel F. B. Morse, recognized for how he changed the public communication system through the use of the telegraph. Morses invention revolutionized the transmission of messages, not to mention the means and distance by which they were sent and received. It allowed the public to move information at a much more rapid pace than they had previously experienced. Finally, the heralded inventor of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell, deserves equal credit among the inventors for his powerful invention that, again, altered the realm of communication (Kelly, 2010). The importance of these inventions celebrated during the industrial revolution remains apparent. The modes of communication and social interaction that began in the 19th century laid the foundation for the social networking cycle that would rapidly evolve throughout history. In reviewing the timeline below (Table one), it is apparent that there has been an on-going push for advancement within the realm of communication. Table one Hewlett Packard (HP) foundedCompuServe introduces online serviceE-mail introducedComputers introduced to publicCyberspace term coinedWorld Wide Web introduced to publicE-mail becomes more popular than postal mailWeblogs begin to appearMySpace is foundedFacebook is foundedYouTube is foundedSocial networking is one of the most influential modes of communication 193919691972197719841991199619982003200420052010 Computers enable the public to utilize the world wide web as a social networking tool Note. History timelines of events, 2006, history-timelines. org. uk/events The article, Social Networking (Coyle, Vaughn, 2008), supports the ideas that social networking has evolved at a rapid pace. This type of communication has been used for many reasons and has slowly and steadily evolved over the years to include such things as basic networking, discussion of common hobbies, and finding lost friends and loved ones via the computer. Over the course of many years, technology, and thus the very civilization, has progressed from the introduction of more advanced and challenging online services, to the World Wide Web of social networking. In this arena, the average individual can expect to quickly and easily conduct everyday business that may include such luxuries as online work meetings or alternate methods for paying bills. With these advancements in technology, e-mail steadily became more convenient and gradually gained popularity, replacing services once provided by the postal service. In considering the goods and services readily available to ordinary people via the World Wide Web, not to mention the ease and convenience of such services, one must marvel at the evolution of technology and what it has afforded us, all in such a short timeframe. Most recently, innovations in the world of social networking have made it a giant in the world of advanced online communications. As the public gains familiarity with cyberspace, the popularity of these available resources has become more prominent in the everyday world. The year 2010 has seen social networking become one of the most influential modes of communication. MySpace, introduced in 2003, remains one of the most visited sites on the web today, with sites such as Facebook and Twitter close on its heels and rapidly gaining popularity. Even with the obvious advancements and advantages technology offers everyday individuals, skepticism remains. Many believe that the evolution of technology has been a necessary component when addressing advancement and considering new ways to live our lives. Critics contend that, even with the convenience and practicality associated with the use of the innovations and technology, pitfalls exist. Sherry Turkle raised concerns pertaining to the Internet. She invested considerable time and energy engaged with her team in observations and studies focused on the negative aspects of technology and the important place that it holds in our society. Based upon their findings, Sherry and her team concluded that too many people are spending too much time online creating imaginary identities, living in a virtual reality, and spending too many hours living in parallel worlds. Sherry believes that we need to take a second look at the consequences of living in virtual worlds and how individuals can quite possibly lose their identity. She contends that we must step back and consider these dangers before aggressively moving into the future. In addition to arguments that contend that we have become victims of parallel worlds, there exists the reality that schools and classrooms have access to the Internet and have been affected by the ease and availability of technology and communication. Some would caution that the information available on computer programs and the Internet, though helpful for students living and working in today’s society, may have its disadvantages. An example of this type of concern is found when one considers such media as a PowerPoint presentation used in today’s classrooms. Although the creation of this format lends itself to more effectively presenting information, it is also a means that limits the challenge a student is afforded. One study found that although this format was successful in presenting the necessary information for students, the bullet-point outline seemed to discourage the amount of give-and-take during discussions (Turkle, 2003). One may consider that we have quite possibly become too caught up with these computer generated programs, and argue our society has gone past the point of no return. Is this the point of no return, or are we learning to live in an Internet based, computerized generation? Both our future and the future of technology are hinged on the necessity to comprehend and master cyberspace. This includes the World Wide Web and all its qualities, both good and bad. People looking for an escape or trying to find a new reality can easily find it on the web. The Internet provides a wide range of resources spanning from basic gaming to running a business. Each person who logs onto the Internet has the choice between meaningful and trivial content. This is one of the freedoms afforded us through the World Wide Web. Social networking sites are gaining popularity for their convenience and ease, making life less complicated for many. Table two Note. Top five Social Networking Sites ranked according to Retention Rate, April 2006 Source: Nielsen//NetRatings, May 2006 Table two shows the gaining popularity of social networking and the retention rates achieved up to April 2006. The chain of events that has led up to our societys ability to lose themselves online began with an invention. The invention of the computer was the beginning of the information age. This invention, followed shortly thereafter by online service, public access to the Internet, and finally, the development of the World Wide Web, were steps in a progressive chain that would eventually take people into the future. Once the public understood how to access the web, communication took on a new look. E-mail became a major communication tool, weblogs became a venue for people to chat and speak their minds, and then websites such as MySpace, Facebook, and YouTube began to catch on as people used these sites to communicate as well as locate one another. The negative aspect of this new venue seems to be the amount of time spent on their computers and less time interfacing with other humans. Technology and innovation are necessary for humans to advance. Although some would argue that this is creating a society of introverts, I would argue otherwise. The technology that we use today is driven by innovation, and innovation is the key ingredient necessary for people to recognize a need, and then fill it. One could argue that they go hand-in-hand. The leaders of tomorrow will be mastering this very technology. We are not creating introverts, but merely reaching out and grasping what tomorrow will bring. References Coyle, C. , Vaughn, H. (2008). Social networking: Communication revolution or evolution?. Bell Labs Technical Journal, 13(2), 13-17. Retrieved February 7, 2010, doi:10. 1002/bltj. 20298. Groff, J. , Pollermann, B. (1992). World wide web (WWW) history Software engineering, artificial intelligence and expert systems for high energy and nuclear physics. La LondelesMaures, France (retrieved February 10, 2010). History of technology. (2010). In Encyclop? dia Britannica. Retrieved February 10, 2010, from Encyclop? dia Britannica Online:   http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/1350805/history-of-technology  History timelines of events. (2006). Retrieved February 16, 2010, from Google: http://www. istory-timelines. org. uk/events-timelines/index. htm. Kelly, M. (2010). Top 10 significant industrial revolution inventors (American History). Retrieved Feb 16, 2010, http://americanhistory. about. com/od/industrialrev/tp/inventors. htm McMillin, K. (1999, April 1). Technology advancements driven by scientists or artists. Retrieved February 16, 2010 from Offshore,59, 3/8. Turkle, S. (2003). Technology and Human Vulnerability. Harvard Business Review, 81(9), 43-50. Retrieved February 16, 2010, from Business Source Complete database.