Interpretation of the Establishment Clause - 986 Words

In the First Amendment it states, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion.† This is known as the Establishment Clause, and it has been a controversial topic of many Supreme Court cases throughout America’s history. There are three different methods of constitutional interpretation--textualism, intentionalism, and pragmatism—that have shaped the Supreme Court’s rulings on the Establishment Clause. The Establishment Clause is usually interpreted in two different ways: â€Å"The Establishment Clause prohibits government actions—federal, state, or local—that promote religion,† and that â€Å"The Establishment Clause prohibits the establishment of a national religion.† There is a common metaphor that accompanies the Establishment Clause know as the â€Å"wall of separation.† The Establishment Clause has this â€Å"wall† in order to keep the church and state separate. This is a r eoccurring theme I have seen develop throughout various court cases. I studied four different cases that made it to the Supreme Court: Everson vs. Board of Education, Lynch vs. Donnelly, Lee vs. Weisman, and Santa Fe Independent School District vs. Jane Doe. During the brief period of me studying these four cases involving the Establishment Clause, I have inferred that pragmatism has indicated the utmost dominance in shaping the Supreme Court’s rulings on the Establishment Clause. The use of pragmatism has become more popular in courts today because it can conform to the many changesShow MoreRelatedThe Ten Commandments and the Establishment Clause970 Words   |  4 PagesThe Ten Commandments and the Establishment Clause The United States of America is a free country that encourages its citizens to observe and express their freedom. This freedom is expressed in different ways and forms which include the freedom to exercise any type of religion without the government’s interference or support. This freedom is primarily safeguarded by the Constitution. The forefathers of American democracy proclaim the separation of Church and State to ensure that there is no encroachingRead MoreThe Supreme Court On The American Public School System Essay1702 Words   |  7 PagesIn 1947, the Supreme Court ruled 5 to 4 in favor of the defendant in a case named Everson v Board of Education. In this case, the Majority opinion laid out an interpretation of the Establishment Clause in the First Amendment of the Constitution for the first time in regards to how it should be applied. As such, it would set the precedence for the way that the Supreme Court would look at the First Amendment even until today. Althoug h in this particular instance, the Supreme Court ruled in favor ofRead MoreThe First Amendment Of The United States Essay1322 Words   |  6 PagesThe first amendment to the U.S. Constitution states, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The Supreme Court has been inconsistent in the application of these sometimes conflicting requirements. At times, the Court takes a separationist position, erecting a solid wall between church and state, and at other times takes an accommodationist position, siding with an individual’s right to exercise their religious beliefs. ReligiousRead MoreCivil Liberties are Constitutional Protections Against the Government1681 Words   |  7 Pagessupport may waiver when it comes time to put those rights into practice. Civil liberties are legal constitutional protections against the government, and basically, tell the government what it cannot do. Judicial interpretations shape the nature of civil liberties, and as these interpretations change over time, so do our rights. To understand the civil liberties and freedoms we have, and how they have changed, we must examine several key Supreme Court decisions. One of the most common controversiesRead MoreSepartion of Church and State Essay1246 Words   |  5 Pages The Establishment Clause was one way that civilians were protecting religious liberty by the separation of church and state. Within our political and school systems there have been a number of controversial issues to include religious holidays, school prayer, teaching evolution and aid to church based schools. The Supreme Court has ruled in many cases in regards to these religious controversial issues. The First Amendment states â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religionRead MoreAnalysis of the First Amendment1687 Words   |  7 PagesIn the First Amendment, the clause that states â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting the establishment of religion† is based on the Establishment Clauses that is incorporated in the amendment. This clauses prohibits the government to establish a state religion and then enforce it on its citizens to believe it. Without this clause, the government can force participation in this chosen religion, and then punish anyone who does not obey to the faith chosen. This clause was in issue in a court caseRead MoreExpansion Of Federal Power : The United States1546 Words   |  7 Pagespowers of Congress, making them most responsible for the growth of federal power. In the Constitution, the Commerce clause was created to regulate interstate commerce, but after the Supreme Court ruled on cases the interpretation change d and the federal government can now regulate commercial activities including minimum wage and labor. The Court broadened the â€Å"Necessary and Proper† clause when it ruled that Congress can establish a federal bank. Finally, the Court reinterpreted the meaning of the FirstRead MoreThe Constitutionality Of Providing Tax Exemption Essay1579 Words   |  7 Pagesindirectly contribute to those churches, thus violating the Establishment clause. The Supreme Court upheld the property tax exemption for churches, ruling that it did not violate the Establishment clause. In the majority opinion, Chief Justice Warren Burger emphasized that the First Amendment â€Å"will not tolerate either governmentally established religion or governmental interference with religion† (Walz v. Tax,† n.d.). This interpretation of the First Amendment was echoed one year later with theRead MoreThe Debate Over School Prayer1096 Words   |  5 Pageswritten, many state governments did not stand by this. Many state governments displayed favoritism towards different religions in the form of support. Therefore to further ensure that religion was independent of the government, a more precise interpretation of the first amendment was made by certain groups of people. By completely making religion and the state unconnected, the new understanding became known as the separation of church and state. This is taken out of context by many people and isRead MoreTown Of Greece V. Adalah1168 Words   |  5 PagesNebraska Legislature’s practice of opening its sessions with a prayer delivered by a chaplain paid from state funds. The decision concluded that legislative prayer, while religious in nature, has long been understood as compatible with the Establishment Clause. As practiced by Congress since the framing of the Constitution, legislative prayer lends gravity to public business, reminds lawmakers to transcend petty differences in pursuit of a higher purpose, and expre sses a common aspiration to a just

The Themes of Emily Dickinsons Poetry - 3970 Words

The Themes of Emily Dickinsons Poetry Emily Dickinson was a great American poet who has had a lasting effect on poetry, yet she was a very complicated poet in the 1860s to understand, because of her thought patterns. Dickinson wrote from life experiences and her deepest thoughts. She wrote for herself as a way of letting out her feelings. Dickinson Wrote 1,775 hundred poems but only published seven in her life time because she did not write poetry for publishing. In fact, Emily Dickinson left a letter to her family telling them to destroy the stack of poems that she had written after her death (Kinsella,et al. 418). Dickinsons way of writing was very unique and different; she was definitely a poet before her time. She had a deep love of†¦show more content†¦In the poem, Dickinson is saying nature is all around us and sometimes we are scared of it; however, sometimes we dont even notice its beauty. Water is taught by thirst is another brilliant example of how Dickinson taught life lessons through her poetry and n ature. The lesson in this poem is that people dont know what they have until it is gone. She uses the correlation of birds and tells how it is easier to find food in the spring than in the snow. She also uses the correlation of how someone is surrounded by a body of water and there is no land in sight, they start to get sea sick and want to see land again. All of Dickinsons nature poems have incredible detail in them, and she would always describe the beautiful aspects of nature as well as the ugly aspects. The theme of alienation and loneliness is a theme Dickinson wrote about based on her own life. After her father died in 1874, Dickinson became very isolated. She hardly went anywhere or did anything outside her home. She had only a few visitors and for the most part, she was isolated from the outside world. The only real communication she had with people was through letters. In reality, Dickinson had no life except her imagination. Some critics believe that Dickinsons isolation a llowed her to writeShow MoreRelatedThemes of Death and Immortality in Emily Dickinsons Poetry Essay987 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout Emily Dickinson’s poetry there is a reoccurring theme of death and immortality. The theme of death is further separated into two major categories including the curiosity Dickinson held of the process of dying and the feelings accompanied with it and the reaction to the death of a loved one. Two of Dickinson’s many poems that contain a theme of death include: â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop For Death,† and â€Å"After great pain, a formal feeling comes.† In Dickinson’s poem â€Å"Because I Could NotRead MoreEmily Dickinson: An American Poet1793 Words   |  7 PagesEmily Dickinson is one of the most influential American authors, whose works transformed the way people view poetry and female authors. Her exceedingly complex life has proved a tremendous influence on her instrumental poetry, creating its originality and distinguishing her from other great poets of the nineteenth century. As well, her use of symbolism and imagery has continued to make her work celebrated. Although Emily Dickinson lived a private and reclusive life, full of death among many closeRead MoreSolitude Of A Poet By Emily Dickinson1545 Words   |  7 Pageslanguage skills through her unusual poetry, becoming one of the most recognized and widely studied poet today. Born in December 10, 1886 in Amherst, Massachusetts, Emily Dickinson was one of three children to Edward Dickinson and his wife, Emily Dickinson. According to Pettinger, Dickinson’s r oots trace back to her Puritan ancestors from England in the 17th century, who later immigrated to America to freely exercise their religion (Pettinger, The Biography of Emily Dickinson). Dickinson was a quietRead MoreThe Works of Emily Dickinson726 Words   |  3 Pages Emily Dickinson’s writing reflects the Realistic period through personal themes: death, isolation, God, marriage, women in society, and love. Dickinson’s writing is affected by numerous factors. Among these are her family, the Realism period, and her life experiences. Emily Dickinson herself was a sort of mystery. Emily Dickinson’s background had a profound effect on her writing. Family always plays an important role in the upbringing of an individual. Her grandfather had a prominent position inRead MoreUnique Elements Within Dickinson s Poetry1188 Words   |  5 PagesApril 2015 Unique Elements within Dickinson’s Poetry Emily Dickinson is considered to be one of the most popular and prolific poets of her time period. Dickinson had a unique style of writing which pulled in influence from both the Romantic and Realist periods. Dickinson’s style of writing had many elements, such as imagery and advanced vocabulary, which helped differentiate herself from other poets. Dickinson also explored a wide range of subjects throughout her poetry, mainly writing about religionRead MoreAnalysis Of Emily Dickinson s Poem, And The Person1569 Words   |  7 Pagesplace every Tuesday at six in the evening in Florida Discount Music. The bitter smell of coffee permeates the humid air and the clink of mugs and ceramic plates often accompany the snapping of fingers after a person finishes performing their piece of poetry. However once the next person begins, the place becomes as loud as a morgue at midnight with people anticipating the next reading. Some poems receive better responses than others, confirmed by t he louder or more frequent snaps, but nonetheless, theRead More A Comparison of the Poetry of Emily Dickinson and Robert Frost1062 Words   |  5 PagesThe Poetry of Emily Dickinson and Robert Frost The poetry of Emily Dickinson and Robert Frost contains similar themes and ideas. Both poets attempt to romanticize nature and both speak of death and loneliness. Although they were more than fifty years apart, these two seem to be kindred spirits, poetically speaking. Both focus on the power of nature, death, and loneliness. The main way in which these two differ is in their differing use of tone. The power of nature is a recurring themeRead More`` It Was Not Death, For I Stood Up, By Emily Dickinson1728 Words   |  7 Pagesillness can be detected in mediums such as written literature, letters, and medical history; with a specific focus on Emily Dickinson’s link of mental illness to reclusiveness within her works titled â€Å"It was not Death, for I stood up,† â€Å"After great pain, a Formal feeling comes,† â€Å"I dwell in Possibility,† â€Å"My Life had stood—a Loaded Gun,† and â€Å"Tell all the Truth but tell it slant†.† Emily Dickinson is one of the most influential female poets of the 19th century. Born in Amherst, Massachusetts in 1830Read MoreEssay On Emily Dickinson1419 Words   |  6 PagesEmily Dickinson â€Å"I know that He exists,† is the first line in one of Emily Dickinson’s many poems. This is poem number 338, and it is one of her most famous poems even though most people do not understand it (Faulkner 8). Emily Dickinson is a well-known poet, but it was not always like that. During her lifetime, Dickinson rarely published her poems, and it was not until later that she became famous for her work (Crumbley 1). During Emily Dickinson’s life, she was a reserved person, to the pointRead More Billy Collins Essay1517 Words   |  7 Pagessolemnity in one entity. Throughout his poetry, Collins demonstrates, in a witty and satirical voice, his insightfulness towards the objects, using numerous poetic devices, especially allusions and metaphors to effectively convey his messages, most of which revolves around the theme of death. Humor and Irony are a unique combinations Collins displays in many of his poems, challenging the readers to interpret his work in different perspectives. In â€Å"Introduction to Poetry,† Collins offers a witty comparison

The Importance And Cons Of Counseling - 1020 Words

For a moment there was a sense of success that lingered at the hopeful look that gazed upon carefully held pastries, yet when the expression he carefully monitored morphed into outright sadness the sensation quickly faltered. Feeling his natural smile waning due to his failure to understand, Malik attempted to remain optimistic about the outcome for both of their sakes. Before he could begin to speak tiny fingers gestured towards the cherry filled treat with enthusiasm, and a few hand signals were what followed, though those too went far passed his level of understanding. Stuck at an impasse of what exactly to do next tensing fingers tightened around the plates entrusted to them, and lines of mounting frustration with himself began to†¦show more content†¦As if privy to his thoughts the chair started to sway unsteadily as the childs weight shifted, and his eyes widened in a display of unmasked panic, before hands ungracefully dropped the plates onto the tables surface with l ittle care for consequence and feet rushed to close the distance. One hand held steadfast to the chairs frame while the other attempted to hover about in an effort to ensure its standing occupant remained upright as well. An erratically beating heart pounded against his rib cage in a fit of anxiety, and while Malik was grateful to have offset a possibly dangerous outcome he couldnt help but pale at the knot of nausea that had made itself impossible to ignore at his sudden movement. Foolishly hed believed himself to have escaped the curse of morning sickness since itd failed to appear even well into his eighth week, nevertheless, it had come on with a vengeance when hed least expected it and unfortunately refused to disperse. Concealment was his initial response to his near unending discomfort, though worry reared its head once it became a struggle to keep within a proper weight range. Stubbornness was all that allowed him to reside within the lower range of what was considered normal-and even that took constant effort-as the times when his stomach laid calm were few andShow MoreRelatedThe Importance And Cons Of Counseling1075 Words   |  5 PagesHis imposing figure towered above us, the weight of his shadow almost felt like it could crush me. Honestly, I’m not surprised considering he took power over the country 20-30 years ago and morphed it into his little sandbox. Life wasn’t bad, it wasn’t great either though. I can’t imagine it would be hundreds of times better if we werent’ in this situation. I wouldn’t mind a little peace and quiet though, the piercing sounds of police weaponry clashing with the older snapping noises of makeshiftRead MoreCounselor Interview : Counselor, Licensed Marriage And Family Therapist, And Licensed Clinical Alcohol And Drug Counselor Essay884 Words   |  4 Pagesshe handled the situation. The Ethical Dilemma To begin, the counselor described her client and the ethical dilemma that took place. CMB was seeing her client, a 36-year-old white woman, for one and a half years. The client’s reason for attending counseling was to work through family issues, particularly, managing the effects of growing up with an alcoholic father. One day, the client asked CMB if she would take on her sister as a client. Initially, the counselor was hesitant, explaining that she doesRead MoreThe Problem Of Mental Health Specialists834 Words   |  4 Pagesattempting to deal with addiction problem. These two (Disease and harm reduction) models generally differentiate in terms of the explanation of the problem, treatment/intervention, goals, moral approach, etc. However, both models seem to have pros and cons that mental health specialists should consider that. Firstly, according to disease model, addiction must be described as a disease in order to struggle with the negative consequences of addiction as a public health problem (Gorski, 2011). In this wayRead MoreHealth Issues Of Health Of Women And Infants Essay1565 Words   |  7 Pagescommunity schools to drop their children almost every day and adolescent girls attend community schools and colleges every day. Step 1: These are the basic sites which the public health workers will focus in order to educate them regarding the importance of premature birth through pamphlets, flyers, banners and other means. The head of the faith institutions will be approached to address the issue of premature birth and screening as one of the major issues of public health concern. The beauty salonsRead MoreCareer Counseling Theory Paper1723 Words   |  7 PagesCareer Counseling Theories: Individuals with Substance Use Disorders The words â€Å"career counseling† and â€Å"substance abuse treatment† on the surface appear as two completely isolated areas, with little interconnection. Personally, as an individual in recovery from addiction, as well as professionally, working as a drug and alcohol case manager, experience has shown me that vocation is very relevant to this population. It is one of the primary goal areas in which I work with my clients on a daily basisRead MoreEpidemiology Nur/4081540 Words   |  7 Pagesthe contributing factors. This paper will also discuss the definition and purpose of epidemiology, epidemiological methods, the epidemiological triangle, and levels of preventions that is related with HPV and teenagers.          Epidemiology is importance to public health in relation to disease prevention and health promotion. According to Stanhope amp; Lancaster (2008), epidemiology has been defined as the study of the distribution and determinants of health related states or events in specifiedRead MoreA Short Note On Diabetes And Mexican Immigrants1251 Words   |  6 Pagesof Mexican immigrants also have a protective factor of being new to the country. However, another hypothesis is that Mexican Immigrants self-management of diabetic control is poor due to the lack of health insurance (Schneiderman et al., 2014). Importance and Personal Stance Above all, this problem needs to be addressed since diabetes can cause severe complications within many parts of the body, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] (2015). Furthermore, this topic is importantRead MoreAddiction Treatment Program Reflection Paper900 Words   |  4 Pages confidential, and therapeutic. The whole treatment program is divided into three parts: residential medical program, outpatient program, and correction program. This program strongly emphasizes freewill, so people can choose whether they go to counseling, do the medical detoxification, continue the treatment programs or not. New comers of substance abuse will stay at Harold Drive for 45-60 days and receive mainly medical treatment. They will have different weekly schedules when they are at differentRead MoreCase Study Formulation Drug and Alcohol1248 Words   |  5 Pagesappears to have a low self esteem and a lack of confidence in successfully remaining abstinence from cannabis. Prochaska Prochaska (1999) argue that contemplators are very ambivalent about changing; they also evaluate the pros as about equal to the cons. This appears to ring true in Rick’s case. Rick could also be hesitant about changing and appears to be unsure if altering his drug use will actually help his life situation at present. Rick fears he cannot cope without drugs. 2. stage of change Read MoreNarcissistic Personality Disorder ( Npd )1176 Words   |  5 PagesSarah Inafuku PSY - 102 December 18, 2016 Georgette Gorman Research Paper: Narcissism Everyone is born with a natural sense of pride and self-importance. According to Sanderson (2015), pride can be defined as, â€Å"A pleasant, sometimes exhilarating, emotion that results from a positive self-evaluation† (p. 35). Judging by that definition, pride seems as though it is a positive emotion that helps to build confidence and self-worth. However, pride can also be a very dangerous feeling that could possibly

College Sociology The American Family - 1480 Words

Leigha Terry 5-7-15 College Sociology The American Family Today, family still remains alive and well. Although many forces have attempted to change the American family, it has managed to prevail and preserve the basic values and principles it was first found upon. What Americans need to realize is that what works for a family in one economic and cultural setting doesn’t work for a family in another. This study is relevant because most people don’t understand that families are just doing what they have to do to survive the new ways of society. Some of the problems families have had to face are violence and divorce. The structure of family has also undergone some changes. Two-career families, single-parent families, and blended families†¦show more content†¦Women were essential partners to their husbands and were often in charge of duties like making clothes, tending a garden, raising livestock, and selling simple goods. Because of industrialization women lost their role as the husbands economic partner and production was taken out of the home. Men, women and children started to earn money working in factories to contribute to the family wealth. After the industrialization women acquired a subordinate status as homemakers. But as time has gone by things have changed and there has been a significant rise of equality between husband and wife. The changes and problems families in the U.S. have been through go way back in history. Today, people in the United States have higher expectations of marriage, family and paren ting. Even today there are many prevalent changes occurring in the structure of the American family. As time goes on the traditional building blocks of nuclear families are becoming less common in our society. Today, it’s common for both husband and wife to have incomes, while in the past it was almost frowned upon for women to work. This up rise of two-career families has had many positive results. The employment of married women has increased income family significantly, and brought overall marital happiness in most cases. With the increase in income families are able to live without the added stress of financial issues. Work also allows women to get

My Family and a Better Life Essay Example For Students

My Family and a Better Life Essay My family is the most important human beings who have influenced on me. They are the most significant people in my life that helped me become the person I am today. I lived with my parents in a tiny, but cozy house. I have two siblings, and I am the youngest of them all. As a little kid I always dreamed of what my life would be, and how it would turn out. I had a vision of one day being married, and starting a family of my own. Although it was not easy, I made it, and here I am. My journey all these years was starting my family and creating my future. I grew up in a little town where there were not too many people, but it was just right. Life was very simple in Cuba, people were very friendly, and everyone knew each other. Every day was pretty much the same routine, I would go to school with my friends in the morning, and once school let out, off we went to play and wander around the neighborhood. Once it got dark, we knew it was time to head home for dinner. My family was very close, and we always made it a point to sit down together, and talk over dinner about everything from how our day went at school, to the trouble we got into wandering the neighborhood. I knew that this is exactly what I wanted my family to be like, and how I envisioned my life once I grew older. As the years passed, and I got older, life became a little tougher in Cuba since it was very hard for my parents to find food in the markets and companies was paying very low salary. My parents realized that they wanted something more, they dreamed of a better life, and knew that the only way they could achieve this was by coming to America. When I was 20 years old, my parents finally decided that it was time to come to United States. I was one of the luckier people that did not have to escape from Cuba in hiding; we actually came to America by plane. Together, we packed up as much as we could carry, and took off. We had begun our pursue for a better life. Finally, we made it to America. Not speaking English, or knowing anyone here, made it very difficult for my family. We had no idea where to begin, what to do, or where to go, but that did not stop us from chasing our dream. My parents, siblings, and myself, quickly got jobs, and began to save. We knew that it wasn’t going to be easy, but it was definitely going to be worth it. We worked long hours, at times, two jobs even, plus I went to school. Being that I was 20 years old, it was time for me to begin planning for my future, and make my dreams as a little kid, a reality. Then the unexpected happened, I met my beautiful wife. I met my wife, who is also from Cuba, while studying at Miami Dade Community College. We quickly became friends, and started spending a lot of our time together. Not too much time passed before I realized that I wanted to spend the rest of my life with her, and start my own family with her. Soon after, we married, and it was not long before our little family began to grow. We now have two beautiful boys, and could not be happier. However, being a father comes with a lot of responsibilities, their lives, and how they turn out, is in my hands. Therefore, I am now preparing for the future, not only my future, but for the future of my sons. Since my family worked so hard to give me a better life, I too, want the same for my boys. I have begun a prepaid college fund for them, which will secure a place for them in college, once they get there. .u9ce92501d63afc286edeac6258d8e54f , .u9ce92501d63afc286edeac6258d8e54f .postImageUrl , .u9ce92501d63afc286edeac6258d8e54f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9ce92501d63afc286edeac6258d8e54f , .u9ce92501d63afc286edeac6258d8e54f:hover , .u9ce92501d63afc286edeac6258d8e54f:visited , .u9ce92501d63afc286edeac6258d8e54f:active { border:0!important; } .u9ce92501d63afc286edeac6258d8e54f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9ce92501d63afc286edeac6258d8e54f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9ce92501d63afc286edeac6258d8e54f:active , .u9ce92501d63afc286edeac6258d8e54f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9ce92501d63afc286edeac6258d8e54f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9ce92501d63afc286edeac6258d8e54f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9ce92501d63afc286edeac6258d8e54f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9ce92501d63afc286edeac6258d8e54f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9ce92501d63afc286edeac6258d8e54f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9ce92501d63afc286edeac6258d8e54f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9ce92501d63afc286edeac6258d8e54f .u9ce92501d63afc286edeac6258d8e54f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9ce92501d63afc286edeac6258d8e54f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: THE FUTURE OF PUBLISHING EssayI want my children to grow up and be the best they can be in whatever it is they decide to do. My job is to plant the seed, and watch them grow. I am determined to be a role model for them, as my father was to me. I want them to be able to live a happy life, and as worry free as possible. As I look at my family, and at my life, I realize that the dream I had as a young boy, was playing out exactly how I imagined. I am not sure what the future holds, but I do know that I am ready, and looking forward to it. This has been, and will be a great journey, it is my journey.

Impact Of Shift Work On Employee Satisfaction †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Impact Of Shift Work On Employee Satisfaction. Answer: Introduction The current study elucidates illustratively prior academic literature that can help in the process of evaluating the impact of shift work schedule of employees in particularly hotel sector on level of employee satisfaction. The present segment delivers previous academic reports that illustrate both the dependent as well as independent variable recognized for the study. Particularly, the theoretical structure taken into account entails detailed concepts and theories on employee satisfaction (dependent variable) and theories on shift work (independent variable). Functioning in the hotel segment can be considered to be very demanding and several employees are necessarily susceptible when accounted in terms of improper working environment, ill conditions of health and lower wage levels. However, the current study evaluates available declarations to comprehend the influence of the shift work in Australian hotel segment. The present study takes into account a dependent variable as well as independent variable for carrying out the study. In this study, the dependent variable indicates towards a variable in which the value completely depends on another, whereas, independent variable refers to variable that refers to variable and variation of these ones essentially does not depend on others. For the purpose of the current study, dependent variable is the satisfaction of the employees and the independent variable is the effect of the shift work. Identification of a problem The problem that can be recognized from the present study is that it is important to comprehend the overall influence of shift work in jobs on satisfaction of employees operating in the hotel industry. Review of literature Discussion on theories on dependent variable (that is, employee satisfaction) Human resource managers might be concerned regarding satisfaction of employees for diverse reasons. Essentially, various altruistic managers have the need of satisfied managers since they care about and are concerned about their employees. Armstrong Taylor (2014) states that result-oriented managers also require satisfied members of the staff as satisfied staff might perform better, be more productive than and have comparatively less amount of absenteeism along with greater level of longevity. Debroux (2017) suggests that satisfied employees also have the inclination towards production of superior quality work than essentially their dissatisfied counterparts. Fulfilment Theory As correctly mentioned by Cascio (2018), the proponents of this particular theory enumerate satisfaction that a specific individual receives from the perspective of rewards and the extent to which needs of that individual are satisfied. In addition to this, the proponents of the theory are of the view that there exists a positive association between satisfaction of job and real satisfaction of various expected needs. However, the main difficulty involved in this approach is that satisfaction of employees for the job they do as witnessed by Willing, is essentially a function of whatever things an individual receives and function of what individuals feel that they need to receive since there might be substantial variance between the actual and expectations of individuals (Blyton et al., 2017). Therefore, employees job satisfaction cannot necessarily be considered as only a function of specifically how much a specific individual can accept from the job. However, another critical factor that need to be included for the purpose of forecasting job satisfaction accurately is essentially the strength of desire of the individuals regarding the level and degree of aspiration that the employee has in a specific area. However, this might perhaps lead to the process of development and design of the theory referred to as the discrepancy theory on satisfaction of the employees for the job. Discrepancy Theory Neal Hammer (2017) suggest that satisfaction can be normally regarded as the variance between anticipated or desired in comparison to what is actually practised across a number of orders. Discrepancy theory can be considered as the study of this difference. In essence, a discrepancy can be regarded as the perceived variance between an anchor and personal comprehension of accomplishment together with the same dimension. In this case, the anchor can be properly set by particularly social pressure, instituted goals of employment, personal anticipations, threshold necessities, and free markets or else any kind of agency or subsisting bias. Essentially, perceived discrepancy can lead to a number of reactions that are necessarily emotive or else active. However, an alteration in the perception of accomplishment or ensuing belief directs the way towards particular attitude or action. Magnitude along with direction of particularly discrepancy helps in ascertaining the entire result. As rightly indicated by Snell et al., (2015), the proponents of the theme argue that employees satisfaction is necessarily the function of particularly what a specific individual accepts from the current situation of the job and what that individual perceives to receive or what he supposes that he needs to receive or else what he anticipates to receive. However, at the time when the actual level of satisfaction derived is less than anticipated satisfaction, this leads to dissatisfaction among the employees. Again, job satisfaction as well as dissatisfaction can necessarily be considered as functions of the perceived associations between what an individual essentially wants from their jobs and what the individual perceives that the job is offering. In itself, this specific approach essentially does not clearly present whether over satisfaction is a component of dissatisfaction. Fundamen tally, this can direct the way towards development and formulation of equity theory of satisfaction of job. Discussion on theories on independent variable (that is, shift work) Shift work comprises of evening schedule on standard basis, night schedules on daily basis, rotating shifts, casual work, different split shifts, irregular schedule of work in addition to other non-daytime schedules of work. In essence, non-shift work system can be regarded to be any standard day schedules. Furthermore, work life balance essentially can be considered to be a self-perceived notion. Wilton (2016) suggests that there are specific occupations that are commonly associated to shift work due to the overall nature along with features of the jobs. For example, the type of occupations providing services for particularly 24*7 such as doctors, nurses, defence personnel, people in the accommodation or hospitality industry. Not unsurprisingly, just as particular occupations are more probable to be associated to shift work, so are certain industries. Fundamentally, this might perhaps be due to the fact that they provide services at various non-established time schedules of work and involve continuous production procedure. Models and theories related to adaptation to shift work A specific model by Rutenfranz, Knauth and Angersbach on shift work mentioned that stress owing to changes of sleeping as well as waking hours as required by shift work mainly directs the way towards development of various health issues and strain (Rutenfranz et al., 1981). Nevertheless, this model presented by also theorizes that the nature of association that exists between stress of altering work schedules and illness of employees can also be mediated by diverse variables, namely situation of family and employees personality. For instance, night shift employee having an uncooperative spouse might probably fail to adjust to night time working schedule (Snell et al., 2015). In addition to this, this maladjustment and imbalance might possibly contribute towards the development of various health issues, namely sleeping disorders along with gastrointestinal problems (Neal Hammer, 2017). This model by is extended where another diverse approach is taken into consideration by incorporation of the notion of appraisal and factor of coping within a normal stressor that is particularly a strain structure. Essentially, this particular model by Olsson, Kandolin and Kauppinen-Toropainen on stress and shift workers broadens and expands stress and strain model discu ssed above. By considering shift work as the one of the different job associated stressors theorized to exert impact on the process of development of various illnesses and that these types of associations also get affected by processes of appraisals as well as coping actions (Olsson et al., 1990). Essentially, specific attempts of coping that are necessarily cognitive or else passive (for instance, ignoring the identified problem) and behavioural or active (for example, transfer to shift during daytime) are necessarily adopted specifically in response to appraisals, unsuitable responses might however lead to strains and can get reflected in various forms such as mental illness and physical sickness. As rightly indicated by Marchington et al., (2016), Monk proposed an intricate model that supposes that the capability to undertake shift work is ascertained by mainly three interrelated domains. These interrelated domains comprise of the biological clock, social as well as sleep. In essence, changes and transformation in the hours of sleeping as well as waking can lead to resetting of the overall human bodys biological or else circadian clock, disorder of sleep, problems due to interference with family along with social necessities. Nonetheless, these domains are essentially interdependent. For instance, alterations in the sleeping hours (also referred to as circadian disorder) and taking care of sick children (that is say, domestic obligation) might both get in the way of both quantity as well as quality of the sleep. However, various coping attempts and endeavours all at once targeted at these different factors can help in alleviation of various adverse results. Undeniably, Monk c onsidered that coping with different domains as important predictors of various thriving adaptations to particular shift work. Association between the notions and their interconnected association The discrepancy theory is a notion that reflects that level of satisfaction is necessarily the function of what a specific individual receives or accepts from the situation of job and what that individual believes that he must receive otherwise what he anticipates to get. However, this theory is essentially is said to be an extension of the theory of fulfilment theory and therefore is said to be related. The fulfilment theory simply stresses on measurement of satisfaction from the perspective of rewards received and the degree as well as extent to which they are contented (Debroux, 2017). Thus, it can be hereby stated that this notion does not include variables that can help in predicting job satisfaction appropriately. It is evident from the notions and theories presented above on independent variable that the model proposed by Rutenfranz Knauth Angersbach during 1981 in their paper shiftwork research issues elucidates about the stress caused owing to transformations in both sleeping as well as waking hours that is an associated feature of the shift work. This model lays emphasis on the stress emanating from shift work and examines the nature of association between stress of altering schedule and employees sickness. Another theory presented by Monk is necessarily related to the theory of Rutenfranz together with other scholars and can be considered to be extension of the same where employees attempts of coping with the shift work is ascertain using certain associated domains (Cascio, 2018). This model proposed by Monk asserts that attempts of dealing with the stress aimed at three different facets can necessarily help in averting adverse results that is to say illness. The previous model only deal t with the effect of the shift work on the health and well being of the individuals. The model presented by Olsson along with other scholars on stress and strategies for coping of three shift workers can also be considered to be an extension of the model by previous model on shift work research issues and in that way related to one another. The model presented by Olsson along with other scholars on stress incorporated and assimilated the factor of appraisal and deal with stress within a normal stress structure of theory presented by Rutenfranz together with other scholars. This model that supposes that occupational along with non-occupational stressors as well as personal facets exerts impact on the process of development of illness. In addition to this, this model also mentions that these associations necessarily get affected by particularly environment and capability to handle the same. Relationship between the said variable and implementation in the hotel industry As mentioned by Brewster Hegewisch (2017), the hotel sector can be considered to be a significant sector of the Australian economy. Apart from delivering employment opportunities for over and above 270000 individuals across the nation, hotels are important consumers of regionally supplied goods well as services. As mentioned by the Fair Work Commission, AWRS asked members of the staff to rate the degree and level of satisfaction across 7 different facets of their job. Essentially, these facets are developed by means of consultation in addition to cognitive testing procedures (Blyton et al., 2017). In this, members of the staff had the need to utilize a 7 point scale to reflect the satisfaction level of employees, in which 1 stood for extremely dissatisfied and consequently 7 stood for extremely satisfied. Strikingly, the results of the study suggested that employees were most contented with regard to having flexibility in the process of balancing work as well as non-work commitments and the liberty to decide the way to undertake the task. In addition to this, data presented by the Australian Bureau of Statistics reveal that the lowest mean weakly cash income was mainly for employees operating in the Accommodation and Food Services segment (that is $548. 40) and this reflected 7% of employees and in addition to this had the lowest mean of all sectors. Again, data provided by the Australian Bureau of Statistics show that break down in terms of industry classification reflects that industry having the highest fraction of men who normally operated in shifts was mining (that is roughly 52%), whilst for women it was essentially healthcare. Analysis of the segment (accommodation as well as food services) also had a superior fraction of shift workers that is around 37%. Out of this, 44% were necessarily men and approximately 89% operated in particularly food as well as beverage services. In addition to this, rotating shifts can also be regarded as the most common form of particularly shift work for men as well as women (approximately 48% and 37% respectively), pursued by irregular shifts (roughly 16% and 22% respectively) in addition to evening shifts (roughly 15% as well as 16% respectively). Job satisfaction along with satisfaction with the shift work can be considered to be vital for effectual contribution of employees to the goals of corporation. Furthermore, prior body of academic literature have reflected that satisfaction in job can directly exert impact on satisfaction of various employees with particularly personal life. Individuals working in the hotel industry can be regarded as one of the occupations in which superior fraction of the members are engaged in shift work with people working in straight shifts, noon-shifts, evening shifts or else rotating shifts (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). While some hotel staff members tolerate shift work properly, however, there are many who encounter severe issues owing to shift work. It can be observed that shift work in hotels can essentially induce stress and tension in the individuals, disturb and disrupt their family life, interrupt general eating habits, and adversely affect the level of satisfaction with their job. There ar e certain studies that indicate that shift work can direct the way towards health issues namely metabolic syndromes. In addition to this, schedule of shift work can also significant impacts on particularly patterns of sleep essentially in particularly long term, directing to superior cardiac sympathetic conditions. Shift work is necessarily identified as an occupational stressor that exerts impact on job satisfaction among the members of the hotel industry. Tasks and activities of the hotel industry can be regarded to be very labour intensive and inevitably has more harsh work environment. Essentially, the features of work specifically include strict deadlines, unexpected interactions with guests, long as well as stretched work hours, repetitive nature of work, superior level of emotional demands, relatively lower level of influence together with shift work. Stress of work caused due to shift wok within the hospitality industry is said to have dire consequences for both employers as well as employees. The shift work schedule leads to fatigue caused owing to the longer hours of work, unpredictable work shifts, less amount of breaks, patterns of work as well as environment of work. These essentially contribute to high level of work stress and can adversely affect employee satisfaction (Analoui, 2017). Conclusions The above study helps in gaining clear understanding as regards the impact of shift work of various staff members operating in the hotel industry and the level of satisfaction of employees. In addition to this, this study assists in the process of acquiring deep insight concerning the overall influence of jobs based on shift work on workers regarding level of satisfaction enjoyed while operating. Firstly, this study helps in comprehending the themes as well as notions on dependent variable that is the satisfaction of employees. This includes detailed evaluation of the discrepancy theory and the fulfilment theory. Thereafter, this study assists in comprehending the notions on shift work that include model presented by Rutenfranz, Knauth and Angersbach on shift work, model presented by Olsson along with other scholars on stress for coping of three shift workers and model proposed by Monk. Detailed review of the literature reveals that job satisfaction together with satisfaction with sh ift work can be regarded to be crucial for effective contribution of workers to the corporations objectives. Based on findings of report it can be said that satisfaction in job can directly influence on satisfaction of employees with personal life. Hotel staff members tolerate shift work properly, nevertheless, there are many who come across severe issues owing to shift work. The shift work thereafter leads to fatigue due to extended work hours, erratic work shifts, less breaks, outline of work and work environment. As a result, this might contribute to superior level of work stress that can consequently affect employee satisfaction. Founded on analysis of the prior data it can be hereby said that lowest mean cash income for every weak was mainly for workers functioning in the Accommodation and Food Services (that is to say hotel industry) segment and this represented 7% of employees and this necessarily had the lowest mean of all sectors. Thus, it too can be hereby inferred that wo rkers operating in shifts in hotel industry also do not earn higher amount of wages. References Analoui, F. (Ed.). (2017).The changing patterns of human resource management. Routledge. Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Blyton, P., Hassard, J., Hill, S., Starkey, K. (2017).Time, work and organization(Vol. 7). Taylor Francis. Brewster, C., Hegewisch, A. (Eds.). (2017).Policy and practice in European human resource management: The Price Waterhouse Cranfield survey. Taylor Francis. Cascio, W. (2018).Managing human resources. McGraw-Hill Education. Debroux, P. (2017).Human Resource Management in Japan: Changes and Uncertainties-A New Human Resource Management System Fitting to the Global Economy: Changes and Uncertainties-A New Human Resource Management System Fitting to the Global Economy. Routledge. Le Traveil Humain, 53 Le Traveil Humain, 53 Marchington, M., Wilkinson, A., Donnelly, R., Kynighou, A. (2016).Human resource management at work. Kogan Page Publishers. Neal, M. B., Hammer, L. B. (2017).Working couples caring for children and aging parents: Effects on work and well-being. Psychology Press. Olsson, K., Kandolin, I. Kauppinen-Toropainen, K. (1990). Stress and coping strategies of three-shift Olsson, K., Kandolin, I. Kauppinen-Toropainen, K. (1990). Stress and coping strategies of three-shift Olsson, K., Kandolin, I. Kauppinen-Toropainen, K. (1990). Stress and coping strategies of three-shift workers. Le Traveil Humain, 53, 175-188. Rutenfranz, J., Knauth, P. Angersbach, D. (1981). Shiftwork research issues.( In L. C. Johnson, D. I. Tepas, W. P. Colquhoun, M. J. Colligan(Eds.), Biological rhythms, sleep and shiftwork (pp. 165195). Jamaica, NY: Spectrum.) Snell, S. A., Morris, S., Bohlander, G. W. (2015).Managing human resources. Nelson Education. Wilton, N. (2016).An introduction to human resource management. Sage. Olsson, K., Kandolin, I. Kauppinen-Toropainen, K. (1990). Stress and coping strategies of three-shift Olsson, K., Kandolin, I. Kauppinen-Toropainen, K. (1990). Stress and coping strategies of three-shift

Mental Health Case Scenario

Question: Discuss about theMental Health Case Scenario. Answer: Introduction Mental disorder is one of the most common illnesses that affect people in Australia. Mental illnesses cause socio-psychological changes that alter the behavior, emotion and moods of individuals suffering from mental illnesses. Nonetheless, mental illness can be addressed if measures are taken to examine the patient to ascertain the conditions before diagnosing and providing management and treatment interventions. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of mental illnesses in Australia. It alludes to a case scenario of a 24-year old Derby-based Fred Robinson to analyze the applications of Mental Health Act 2014 in the assessment, management, and treatment of serious mental illnesses. Presenting Information Fred has a serious mental problem that requires an attentive care at the Approved Hospital. A medical examination carried on him revealed that he has psychological and social challenges that require redress. In the first place, the patient is so violent. He demonstrated his aggression when he refused to be interrogated by the police officers and went ahead to shout at them and attempted to punch them (Bradley, Townsend Eburn, 2015). This is a clear proof that Fred is so violent and can be dangerous to the health care providers, carers and himself. When it comes to social challenges, Fred has been observed to be detached from the rest of the society. Apart from hearing imaginary voices, Fred has been displaying a series of antisocial behaviors such as isolation, over-activity, restlessness, and muttering at himself. These are serious issues that need an attention of a psychiatrist because if left unchecked, can be so disastrous to Freds life and that of others around him (Kidd, Kenny McKinstry, 2015). Psychiatric intervention is necessary because it will help the patient to manage his condition and regain his normal mental health. Fred therefore deserved an individualized patient-centered quality psychiatric care because it will not help him, but guarantee the safety of other people that might be victimized by his mental illness. Mental Health Act The Mental Health Act which was enacted in the year 2014 is a legislation that reformed mental health in Australia by acknowledging the contribution of the mentally-ill patients and putting them at the center of the care, recovery and treatment process. As a patient diagnosed with a mental illness, Fred deserves a quality mental health care. To do so, the healthcare providers are mandated to apply the principles of the Mental Health Act 2014 (Curry, 2016). There are several clauses of the act that suit Freds conditions. These are discussed herein: As clearly stipulated in the Mental Health Act 2014, a patient with mental illness should be involved in the decision-making process. The law requires that the practitioner should not engage in any form of treatment, procedure or interventions without seeking the opinion of the patient. A mentally-ill patient, just like any other patient has a right to be notified of their medical conditions and be actively involved in the making decisions regarding the medical interventions to undergo (Palmer, Chondros, Piper, Callander, Weavell, Godbee Furler, 2015). This legislation is relevant in Freds case. The practitioners should not make any decision without seeking for his opinion. His consent or that of his carers should be gotten by the health care providers. The other clause that applies in Freds case is the one that advocates for the need of delivering quality care for the best interest of the patient. When this legislation is applied, the practitioners should do everything within their capacity to help the patient to improve his conditions so as to eventually regain a full recovery (Harvey, 2015). Therefore, the practitioners should adopt the best alternative when handling the patient. For example, even if it might be necessary to restrain him, minimal force should be used to do so. Moreover, Freds care should be guided by the clause which emphasizes the need of examining the patient at an authorized hospital. The referral of Freds case to the authorized hospital was done as per the law. The police officers were right to take Fred to the facility to be given the necessary medical care. So, health care providers at the authorized hospital should not hesitate to receive Fred and accord him the necessary mental care services (Mechanic Olfson, 2016). Lastly, the practitioners should apply a clause that advocates for the respect of individual rights. Although Fred is in a poor state of mental health, no one should take advantage of his condition to infringe on his rights. Apart from dully informing him on all the proposed treatments to be given to him, the patient should be given a quality care that can ensure his safety at all times. Mental State Examination The Mental State Examination (MSE) refers to an organized way of carrying out an observation, examination and documentation of the behaviors, thoughts and motions of an individual. MSE is a very important tool in the field of psychiatry. It can play a very significant role in guiding the mental health professionals in examining the patients with mental illness. As a mentally-ill patient, Fred requires to have a MSE performed for him (Burckhardt, Manicavasagar, Batterham Hadzi-Pavlovic, 2016). To do so, the practitioner needs to use a combination of indirect and direct techniques to gather enough information on the patients social and biographical data based on direct observations made on psychological tests as well as his symptoms. Freds MSE As already hinted, the use of MSE cannot be ruled out when serving Fred because it will play an integral role in determining the severity of his mental conditions. His MSE should therefore be captured in a standard format as outlined below: Appearance 24 year old man Residence of Derby, Kimberley Region, Western Australia Not neat, has a sign of self-neglect because he s dirty, Wrong attire because he wears only one shoe, boardshots, beany and jumper has displayed stereotype as an abnormal involuntary conduct Behavior Patient shows inappropriate behavior He does not maintain eye contact with the health care providers He is uncooperative and rebellious Has a bad rapport with others He has a high level of distraction He is restless He is violent and wants to attack other people around him Speech Low volume of speech Pressured speech Patient gives inappropriate responses to questions He is muttering to himself The patient gives illogical answers Mood The patient is so emotional The patient has a bad mood than he used to be before The patient seems to be anxious Perception The patient reported having experiences delusion and hallucinations He was directed by imaginary voices to commit suicide at the bridge Thought Form and Content The patient has no linearity of thought Patient has abnormal beliefs The patient is obsessed with anger (Curry, 2016). The patient is likely to harm himself and others around him Cognition The patent has low levels of attention The patient has a low level of comprehension of ideas Insight The patient is not aware that the changes in his behaviors, thoughts and feelings are as a result of mental illness (Curry, 2016). The patient is not cooperative and is not ready to be treated MSE is essential for Fred because it can help the service providers to acquire reliable information on his behavior, perception, speech, mood, mind, attitude, appearance, judgment, affect, insight, and thought process. This information, if added to the available historical and biographical data from the patients psychiatric history, can enable the practitioner to organize for a coherent treatment for Fred. Therefore, before providing any form of treatment to the patient, the practitioner should allocate enough time for MSE (Rosenbaum, Tiedemann, Stanton, Parker, Waterreus, Curtis Ward, 2015). The examination is crucial because without it, the practitioner cannot get information to rely on while making a choice on the right kind of intervention to give to the patient. It should also be noted that the patient can be diagnosed based on the results of the MSE or through a performance of an appropriate diagnosis test on the patient. Risk Assessment Potential Risks From the results of his MSE, Fred has a serious mental problem. This means that he deserves to be admitted at the authorized hospital because it is the most suitable facility in which he will get the necessary mental health care (Bartlem, Bowman, Bailey, Freund, Wye, Lecathelinais Wiggers, 2015). However, his admission at the facility will not be a walk in the park because of the myriad of challenges faced as a result of the presence of the patient at the hospital. In other words, Fred is a potential risk because he will pose the following challenges to his health care providers: Violence: A keener look at the MSE reveals that Fred is an aggressive patient who cannot be easily handled by the health care providers. The way in which he treated the police officers who handed him to the facility shows that he is too violent and cause bodily harm to anyone around him. If he almost punched a scary police officer, what would he do to his unarmed health care providers? Unless due care if taken to restrain him, Fred can attack and injure anyone he comes across (Kidd, Kenny McKinstry, 2015). Anger: After the assessment, it was observed that Fred is hot tempered. As a result of his mental illness, Fred has become emotional and gets annoyed so fast. Meaning, he can be easily irritated and be forced to revenge on anyone whom he feels is responsible for his anger (Ogloff, Talevski, Lemphers, Wood Simmons, 2015). It is not an easy task to handle such an emotional patient because one never knows the potential dangers waiting. This is also an important risk that should be considered when handling the patient. Defiance: Another risk associated with Fred is that he is a defiant patient who does not heed advice and cannot follow medication instructions given to him. Meaning, he can not comply with the directions given by the health care providers. This is quite unfortunate because it will make it difficult for the health care providers to effectively serve him as they ought to. Management Plan Since Fred a potential risk at the facility, its employees and himself, it is incumbent upon the service providers to come up with appropriate management plan for him. This paper thus recommends the following management strategies for Fred: De-escalation: This is a management strategy in which one makes a good use f verbal and non-verbal communication to handle a patient. Here, one uses a polite language that can personally appeal to the patient to consider cooperating (Brayley, Alston Rogers, 2015). De-escalation is suitable for dealing with the problem of anger. It does not fuel anger, but prepares the patent to cool down as required. Restraint: Here, measures are taken to deliberately immobilize the patient and prevent him from getting access to other patients, health care providers or his carers who might be harmed by him. While it is important to note that restart strategy is recommend for violent patients, it should be acknowledged that it can be done manually or mechanically using equipments like restraining belts or hand cuffs (Kidd, Kenny McKinstry, 2015). Pro re Nata (p.r.n.): This refers to the use of medications. Medications can be suggested for Fred because they can help in facilitating the redress of his violent acts. Therefore, to do so, the health care provide should choose the most appropriate medicine to use for him. Conclusion Indeed, the Mental Health Act 2014 is a noble legislation that does a good job in promoting the delivery of quality mental health care services to all Australians. Since its enactment, the legislation has been playing a significant role in advocating for the rights of the patients with mental illness. For a mentally-ill patient like Fred, the act can be a relief because it helps in laying out a clear framework on how he should be treated. When he was referred to the authorized hospital, Fred was given an opportunity to get mental care regardless of how violent he was. This is a clear proof that a properly conducted MSE is key to a proper identification of the patients conditions and management and treatment interventions for a patient with mental illness. References Bartlem, K. M., Bowman, J. A., Bailey, J. M., Freund, M., Wye, P. M., Lecathelinais, C., ... Wiggers, J. H. (2015). Chronic disease health risk behaviours amongst people with a mentalillness. Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry, 0004867415569798. Bradley, E. J., Townsend, R., Eburn, M. (2015). Paramedics and ACT mental healthlegislation. Australasian Journal of Paramedicine, 12(4). Brayley, J., Alston, A., Rogers, K. (2015). Legal criteria for involuntary mental healthadmission: clinician performance in recording grounds for decision. The Medical journalof Australia, 203(8), 334-334. Burckhardt, R., Manicavasagar, V., Batterham, P. J., Hadzi-Pavlovic, D. (2016). Arandomized controlled trial of strong minds: a school-based mental health programcombining acceptance and commitment therapy and positive psychology. Journal ofschool psychology, 57, 41-52. Curry, P. (2016). The mental health act 2014 and the right to refuse psychiatric treatment. Brief,43(5), 8. Harvey, I. (2015). A person-centred approach to mental health care in NSW. LSJ: Law Society ofNSW Journal, 2(9), 90. Kidd, S., Kenny, A., McKinstry, C. (2015). The meaning of recovery in a regional mentalhealth service: an action research study. Journal of advanced nursing, 71(1), 181-192. Kidd, S., Kenny, A., McKinstry, C. (2015). The meaning of recovery in a regional mentalhealth service: an action research study. Journal of advanced nursing, 71(1), 181-192. Mechanic, D., Olfson, M. (2016). The relevance of the Affordable Care Act for improving mental health care. Annual review of clinical psychology, 12, 515-542. Ogloff, J. R., Talevski, D., Lemphers, A., Wood, M., Simmons, M. (2015). Co-occurringmental illness, substance use disorders, and antisocial personality disorder among clientsof forensic mental health services. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 38(1), 16. Palmer, V. J., Chondros, P., Piper, D., Callander, R., Weavell, W., Godbee, K., ... Furler, J.(2015). The CORE study protocol: a stepped wedge cluster randomised controlled trial totest a co-design technique to optimise psychosocial recovery outcomes for peopleaffected by mental illness in the community mental health setting. BMJ open, 5(3),e006688. Rosenbaum, S., Tiedemann, A., Stanton, R., Parker, A., Waterreus, A., Curtis, J., Ward, P. B. (2015). Implementing evidence-based physical activity interventions for people withmental illness: an Australian perspective. Australasian Psychiatry, 1039856215590252.

Quality Of Our Education Essays - Educators, Occupations, Teacher

Quality Of Our Education I feel we as a country we cant really complain about the quality of our education. We have it real good. People from many other countries often travel here to get higher education. But there are some things that could be changed. We need to use our advancements in technology to our advantage. Also, more specialized teachers would improve the quality of learning. And in high school the thing I felt was the biggest problem was class size it was too hard to listen to a teacher and focus on the material with a class of over twenty-five. Technology is what makes the world go. We need to use this to our advantage to make our education better. There are many ways to make this possible. We could use the Internet to broadcast interactive classes. This way you have the best possible teachers to teach everyone all over the country and even the world. In doing this the level of education will rise, because the teachers will be the best in their field. Right now technology is already making it easier to learn. We have so many resources over the computer and Internet. This is just going to continue to grow as far as our advancements in technology grow. Right now in many schools there are teachers that have gone to school and learned how to teach. Many of the teachers may not be the best in their field. For example in music someone who has studied music all their life would most likely make a better teacher then someone who went to school to be a music teacher. But in many cases will not get a job as a teacher because they do not have that teaching background. The same goes for art classes. If we had the best artists and musicians teaching our classes the children would learn more. The biggest issue in schools today I feel is class size. Schools are getting over crowed and the classes are getting to big. It is making it harder to learn and each student gets less personal attention from the teacher. When a teacher has one on one interaction with the student the student will probably learn more and retain more of the information. With smaller class sizes the teacher can monitor all the students easier. Then if one student is having a problem with a specific topic the teacher can stop and focus on that issue with the student. In turn bettering education as a whole. In many high schools the average class size is about twenty-five. This is either because there are not enough teachers or not enough classrooms. This is a big issue because it is harder to learn in a large class than it is in a smaller class with about fifteen students in it. Education

Alternative Meanings for Names of Sense Organs

Alternative Meanings for Names of Sense Organs Alternative Meanings for Names of Sense Organs Alternative Meanings for Names of Sense Organs By Mark Nichol The words for body parts that enable us to perceive stimuli have, sensibly, been applied to other meanings that are extensions of the original connotations. Here are additional meanings of ear, eye, nose, skin, and tongue. Ear An ear is an earlike part of an object or a body or a plant. It also means â€Å"sensitivity to pitch and tone of music or melody or rhythm of speaking,† and it’s a figurative term for a listener or the attention or awareness a listener offers. Eye This word refers to something resembling an eye in appearance or function. It might also denote a glance or a look, or close attention or scrutiny, as well as judgment or point of view or good eyesight or discernment. Eye also refers to the direction from which wind blows or the center of a storm. Nose Nose is employed to mean â€Å"the sense of smell,† or to refer to the aroma or bouquet of something. It also applies, usually in the adjectival form nosy, to curiosity or meddling, though, more positively, one might be said to have a nose, or a knack for comprehending or finding, for something. Also, the forward or projecting end of a tool or any object is frequently referred to as its nose. Skin The covering of a piece of fruit or a seed is called the skin, and any casing or sheathing, or a film or a similar layer, is often referred to as such. It also refers to well-being (â€Å"Save your skin!†) or to one’s self (â€Å"She’s comfortable in her own skin†). Tongue Tongue applies to the power of communication, or to language itself. The word also describes the quality of the tone of something said, or the intention or sense of the message (as when describing someone as having a sharp tongue). In plural form, it refers to meaningless utterances, usually in the context of religious ecstasy (â€Å"speaking in tongues†); tongue also denotes the cry of a hound during a hunt, or a similar sound. It also applies to a narrow projection of an object or of land, or to an object resembling a tongue in form, a projecting edge on a board designed to be inserted into a groove on an edge of an other board (this system of construction is called tongue-and-groove), or a flame. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Handy Expressions About HandsRules for Capitalization in TitlesPrepositions to Die With

The cost of the death penalty essays

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Analysing Case Studies Of Mercedes Benz Tesco Marketing Essay

Analysing Case Studies Of Mercedes Benz Tesco Marketing Essay INTRODUCTION Extremely fierce and highly competitive globalised work environment has intensified the apprehensions of business organisations pertaining to the development and implementation of prudently designed business strategies that can ensure their long-term survival and enduring success in the market. It has been observed, that despite of designing smart strategic plans, many business organisations fail to maintain their survival in the market and this is only because of their inability to operationally devise and enact these strategic decisions (Mills, Platts, Bourne and Richards 2002, p. 112). Operation management is strategically important for the business organisations as myriad day-to-day operational activities are responsible for determining the extent to which the key strategic objectives are executed and thereby, constituting long-term organisational success. It has been studied that operation management is all about defining, organising and directing organisational aims and objecti ves through strategically employed operational procedures concerning the organisation (Slack et al 2004, p.67). Several constituting factors including price, quality, service, flexibility and tradeoffs are meant to develop the operational strategy (Slack and Lewis 2002, p. 221) and in order to improve quality, enhanced organisational receptiveness and cost-effectiveness, a wide-ranging operational paradigms have been emerged in recent times (Anderson 2006, p. 56). Supply chain strategy is the crucial element of operation management through which the core operational processes including transportation, logistics and procurement activities are integrated by pulling materials in response to demand patterns and hence, demand uncertainty is avoided and supply chains, inventories and service levels are significantly improved (Slack and Lewis 2002, p. 226). Business organisations also utilise optimum resources and systemic managerial approaches to support quality and innovation in their products and services for which they integrate key operational, procedural and functional systems. Organisations can achieve total quality within their business operations when positive cultural shift is established by knitting strong relational bonds between human capitals and maintaining long-term partnerships with suppliers (Hayes, Pisano, Upton and Wheelwright 2005, p. 119). Operation management paradigm also encompasses the concept of capacity planning through wh ich the organisational management exhibits its competency to foresee the unprecedented events and strategise in advance to circumvent the chances of protracted fiscal damages (Ferguson 2000, p. 65) whereas, the evaluating the extent of orders and thereby, monitoring and determining the required inventory levels and stock replenishment is covered by inventory management model (Anderson 2006, p. 59). The study is designed to illustrate these concepts in a report format by evaluating the comprehensive operation management paradigm. 1.1 Aims Objectives Organisations can achieve enhanced fiscal benefits and customer satisfaction by triggering the process of transforming inputs into outputs with intent to add value to the organisational goals in terms of producing improved products and services (Giannakis and Croom 2004, p. 28). This not only enables in gaining control over systemic planning and management activities but also results in attaining sustainable competitive advantage by maximising organisational productivity. The main objective of this study is to investigate the key concepts and theories of operation management which is considered as the core contributor to the long-term organisational success. The study aims to analyse the corporate and marketing strategies of one service-based and one manufacturing organisation i.e. Tesco and Mercedes by critically discussing the theoretical principles and frameworks covered in operation management paradigm. Moreover, the study also intends to evaluate the blend of theoretical concept s based on the case studies of each organisation in order to assess the relative impacts on their long-term competitiveness, innovation and sustainability. 1.2 Rationale of the Study Operation management is a multidisciplinary approach encompassing the decision making process pertaining to the design, planning and management of all the factors influencing the operational capacity of an organisation (Ferguson 2000, p. 68). Globalisation has shrunk the geographical boundaries and the consumer world has now been exposed to generous information and alternatives to the products and services which have made it extremely intricate for the business organisations to stand-out (Giannakis and Croom 2004, p. 30). The role of operation management becomes crucial in terms of creating, transforming and controlling the productive resources to generate saleable products or services. The scope of this study is to contribute some value to the existing literature pertaining to operation management as the theoretical underpinnings of the subject and the evaluation of case studies are designed to facilitate in developing advance understanding of managing the deployment of operational resources within the incessantly changing globalised business environment to gain competitive advantage. The significance of studying operation management paradigm is equally beneficial to the academia, operations practitioners and contemporary business organisations. Structure of the Report This segment is designed to explicate the structure of the report that is primarily based on comparing and contrasting the theoretical approaches of operation management by prudently evaluating the corporate and marketing strategies based on case studies of two selected organisations. The report is creatively structured and divided into five distinct segments. Initial segment of the report is the introductory part that is meant to develop the foundational grounds of the study by explaining the key objectives and scope of conducting the research. Second segment of the report begins with presentation of company profiles of two selected organisations i.e. Tesco and Mercedes by critically evaluating core operational and transformational processes to assess the adequacy of their strategically devised corporate and marketing initiatives for gaining competitive advantage in the market. Theoretical concepts and frameworks of operation management including supply chain management, capacity pl anning, inventory management and total quality management are appraised in the third segment of the report which intends to justify the arguments by linking the theoretical underpinning with the information extracted from case studies. Fourth segment assesses the application of theoretical concepts on the case studies of selected organisations, in order to investigate relative impacts on the organisational competitiveness, innovation and sustainability in a longer run. The report is terminated in the fifth segment which is designed to logically conclude the overall arguments in a consistent manner. OPERATIONAL TRANSFORMATIONAL PRACTICES Contemporary organisations ought to adapt with the consistently changing trends of the trade world and globalised economies as consumers buying behaviours are gravely affected by the modern operational and transformational procedures. Today, the entrenchment of innovativeness, technology and advance quality of products and services have become crucially significant to the operation management process for gaining competitive advantage in the market (Anderson 2006, p. 57). 2.1 Case Study I: Mercedes Benz The strategic alliance of Daimler-Benz with Chrysler in 1998 lead to establish DaimlerChrysler AG, which is now recognised as one of the leading and most promising automobile companies across the globe. The luxury German car manufacturing company enjoys its humungous presence by operating in 104 countries whilst selling its products in approximately 200 countries through more than 13,000 sales outlets within the globalised economic arena (Mercedes 2011). Mercedes is primarily engaged in the manufacturing, distribution and sales activities related to its wide range of uniquely designed and technologically advanced automotive products including passenger cars and commercial vehicles and on the other hand, the company also offers financing solutions (Mercedes 2011). In accordance with the key statistics as illustrated in its Annual Report (2002), the company has generated revenues of  £130.80 billion and employs more than 365,600 employees worldwide (Mercedes 2011). The world renowned BMW, Lexus, Toyota, Volkswagen and General Motors are amongst its core competitors. 2.1.2 Analysing the Corporate Marketing Strategies The corporate strategy of Mercedes Benz is focussed on enhanced quality and reliability of its products and services by stressing on The best or nothing strategy (Mercedes 2011). Presently, the company has been observed to raise its profile in fleet car sales by 17% in 2010 and further 11% by 2011 with intent to prevail over every operational segment unlike its premium rivals that are focussed on tax-cutting low CO2 models within market that is tightly up just under 2% (Mercedes Annual Report 2008). Studies suggest that the operations tasks can be articulated by identifying five operations performance objectives as for instance, lowering the pricing strategy necessitates substantial reduction in operational costs or speedy customer services require swift operational procedures and; as improving product quality demands for advancement in the areas concerning innovation, design and technology (Slack et al 2004, p. 119). Mercedes have been experiencing quality control problems due to it s batteries, alternators and brakes integrated in its several models made since 2001, that were quiet obvious especially after the biggest product recalls in 2005, indicating that the company is exceedingly losing its loyal consumer base (BBC 2006). The company has introduced technologically sophisticated gadgetry in its S-class cars range in parallel to its pledge for being the market leader in terms of quality and reliability however; several business analysts have identified the electronic gremlins might further impair companys image by alienating its existing consumer base (Mercedes Annual Report 2007). With respect to its marketing strategy, Mercedes is focussed on Ambition to lead by particularly emphasising on 6Ps of marketing i.e. product, price, promotion, place, people and process. Massive improvements have been observed in its product designs and technologies especially in E and S class ranges by introducing higher-rate springs, stabiliser audio, navigation, trip computer and telephone consoled steering wheels (Bilich and Neto 2000, p. 9). Pricing has also been revised to attract people from middle class and the strategy is complimented by moving its manufacturing and operational units in Asian countries to reduce the production and distribution costs. Aggressive promotional strategy has been embraced by the company whilst targeting wide-ranging consumer base through effective marketing campaigns that are focussed on product features including CLS or Blue-Efficiency campaigns and on the other hand, marketing campaigns are exceedingly supported by comprehensive print, TV, online and media communications (Holweg, Disney, Hines, Naim 2005, p. 514). 2.2 Case Study II: Tesco Plc. Deeply penetrated within the competitive retailing sector in UK, Tesco celebrates its substantial existence by covering approximately 90% of UK market alone with an annual turnover of more than $1 billion which makes it the largest online grocer across the globe (Palmer 2005, p. 25). In accordance with the Nielsen/Netrating audience panel for September (2007), that investigated 25,000 demographically representative households in the UK for the top supermarkets, Tesco leads the online market share by holding 27.1% followed by Asda, Sainsbury and Waitrose holding 10.1%, 6.9% and 4.2% shares respectively (Nielsen/Netrating 2007). On the other hand, Tesco was again spotted at the top position with 30.9% offline market share followed by Asda and Sainsbury having 16.9% and 16.4% shares respectively (Nielsen/Netrating 2007). The company principally deals with food and grocery items and has also diversified into non-food ranges including clothing, books, electronics, dieting clubs, flights a nd holidays, music downloads, gas and electricity (Palmer 2005, p. 27). Asda, Sainsbury and Waitrose are the core competitors of the company. 2.1 Analysing the Corporate Marketing Strategies Unlike others in UK, Tesco is the only retailer that has successfully managed to survive and expand in the contemporary globalised economies by maintaining its corporate strategy closely knitted by a six dimensional approach for enhanced growth in worldwide market (Data monitor 2003). Tesco embraces the strategy of designing its products by carefully analysing the local market needs and remain increasingly adaptive to the environment of indigenous markets. Tesco believes in highly focussed and long-term strategies with multi-format approach and shared knowledge structure. The most crucial aspect of its corporate strategy is the deployment of time and patience to build the brand image without being distracted by its growth pattern in its primary market. Followed by its corporate strategy of aggressively expanding in the international market, Tesco became the first UK retailer to break through the  £2 billion profit barrier (Data monitor 2004). The marketing strategy of Tesco is high ly innovative in terms of introducing reward points to the customers during shopping which can be later exchanged by valued products. In addition to this, the company has significantly acknowledged the need for integrating e-technologies within its marketing campaigns and thereby, launched Tesco applications that has made its products instantly accessible to the targeted consumer base through mobile phones and also keep them updated with new deals and discounted offers (Data monitor 2004). Tesco diet is another interactive web page which is meant to educate the consumers about healthy eating and thereby, unconsciously persuading them to buy the food items offered by the company. Tesco also improved its out-bound logistics by hiring cheerful and highly cooperative staff for online delivery orders, which serve as the face of the company and are also trained to market their products and new offers in a cataleptic manner (Kotler, Armstrong, Saunders and Wong 2001, p. 169). The company a lso employs print and electronic media for the marketing of its products and also utilises social networking websites and blogging as integral tools of promotions in the contemporary business world. The most significant aspect of Tescos marketing mix strategy is its personalisation strategy as the company has maintained a separate online marketing department that is meant to send personalised messages via emails and sms to ensure that their customers never miss their latest offers and new products (Palmer 2005, p. 33). THEORETICAL JUSTIFICATIONS BASED ON CASE STUDIES Operation management is all about interlinking a wide-range of processes and procedures including manufacturing, distribution, marketing and all other significant methods to maximise sales and achieve core organisational objectives. Size and nature of business operations are extremely significant in terms of determining the operational, functional and transformational capacity (Handfield and Bechtel 2002, p. 371). This segment of the report is aimed to critically analyse the theories and concepts pertaining to operation management paradigm whilst analysing the capacity planning, supply chains, inventory control and total quality management in each of the selected organisations. 3.1 Evaluating Supply Chains of Mercedes Tesco Closely knitted web of manufacturing, distribution and other production activities forms the supply chain of an organisation with intent to obtain the manufactured materials, modify them into finished products and distribute them in the targeted market in order to meet the consumers demand (Holweg, Disney, Hines and Naim 2005, p. 512). Literature suggests that business organisations can significantly benefit by creating four dimensional values in their supply chains including customers, planning and performances, processes and intangible resources (Kaplan and Norton 2004, p. 102). Whilst catering condense market segment, Mercedes has been focussed on creating value in its supply chain, primarily by embracing three main supply chain strategies including just-in-time, lean manufacturing and built-to-order strategy for a larger consumer base that is unwilling to wait for two to 3 weeks delivery time thereby, enhancing customer satisfaction (Holweg et al 2005, p. 512). On the other hand, the company has also adopted a plan for catering lower-income customers by producing affordable car ranges and espousing cost-effective manufacturing process. Tesco has also been vigilantly focussing on creating value in their supply chains by low-cost leadership, synchronisation and lean thinking, employee-empowerment initiatives and customer-centric approach (Griffith 2002). Capacity Planning by Mercedes Tesco The continuously evolving business trends of contemporary globalised economies have made it extremely significant for the business organisations to improve their aptitudes for capacity planning. Through capacity planning, organisations gather, maintain and analyse the optimum information regarding the utilisation of its tangible and intangible resources to meet and exceed their core organisational objectives (Anderson 2006, p. 93). However, it is crucially important to determine the investment required for capacity planning (Gox 2002, p. 62), as it has been studied that underinvestment in capacity can substantially reduce revenues whereas, an overinvestment might result in excess capacity which may produce serious consequential effects on the fixed costs (Henderson and Cool 2003, p. 397). Mercedes has successfully employed capacity planning initiatives by investigating North American region for the feasibility of producing luxury sports utility vehicle which significantly minimised c ombined labor, shipping, and components cost and further reduced the penalties associated with currency fluctuations (Holweg, Disney, Hines, Naim, 2005, p. 518). On the other hand, Tesco expanded its order-processing capacity by foreseeing its rapidly growing online sales and integrated BizTalk system that process 5,000 orders per hour which remarkably increased performance efficiency without the need to expand hardware configuration and also reduced system maintenance costs (Norris 2007). Mercedes Tescos TQM Strategies Quality has been recognised as the most critical element of the operation management and is considered to be a macro function of organisations that has to be entrenched within the decision making process, allocation of resources, definition of priorities and most importantly within service delivery (Bilich and Neto 2000, p. 5). It has also been studied, that survival of the organisations in the contemporary business world necessitates total quality management established at all levels (Djerdjour and Patel 2000, p. 26). Mercedes core organisational values heavily rely upon quality, safety and reliability however; the companys image was seriously threatened when its position dropped to 26th spot in quality segment of auto manufacturing (Business Week 2003). It has been observed that the Mercedes significantly deviated from its core strategies and was more inclined towards innovation and technology which has tremendously shaken its loyal consumer base indicating the unfavourable implica tions of undervaluing quality management approaches. The TQM strategy of Tesco is primarily focussed on two main areas including: (i) process improvement by systemic approach and; (ii) development and standardisation of management systems for functional activities throughout the organisation (Delaney-Klinger, Boyer and Frohlich 2003, p. 187). By analysing the TQM strategy of both the organisations it can be instituted that the benefits of TQM can be maximised by entrenching it within the internal and external organisational processes, resources and facilities (Djerdjour and Patel 2000, p. 34). Mercedes Tescos Approach towards Inventory Control The role of inventory management is extremely significant as lower inventory levels can increase the transportation outlays followed by smaller and irregular loads. Business organisations can effectively reduce the costs to logistics through supply chain optimisation by planning to meet the demands of consumer base. It has been studied that ineffective routing and scheduling of orders can adversely influence transport costs (Cooke 2000). In accordance with its inventory management approach, Mercedes identified approximately 100 sites in 35 state of US which is closer to its primary market and since major part of its products were intended to export therefore, the company chose the sites near seaports, rail lines, and major highways to control the costs for transportation (Holweg, Disney, Hines, Naim 2005, p. 523). Studies suggest that transportation is the single most prominent cost category in logistics which can dramatically facilitate in cost saving (Giblin 2001). On the other han d, Tesco being market leader of retail business in UK, necessitates embracing technological advancements in terms of maintaining its position within the extremely concentrate market. Therefore, Tesco has embraced smart shelf technology by adopting RFID system which enables the staff to locate the items in real-time and also improve the on-shelf availability by timely replenishments thereby, saving time and costs for additional staff (Thomas 2003). APPLICATION EVALUATION OF OM THEORIES ON STRATEGIC MIX This part of the report is aimed to highlight the strategic mix pertaining to the concepts and theoretical frameworks of operation management as applied on the competitiveness, innovation and sustainability of selected organisations. The effectiveness of operation management strategies is usually determined by evaluating the key factors like cost, quality, delivery and flexibility (Mills, Platts, Bourne and Richards 2002, p. 130) however, it is important to note that the contemporary business world that has now liberated from the limitations of geographical boundaries needs the integration of advanced technological solutions to stand-out in the global markets (Khamalah and Lingaraj 2007, p. 976). 4.1 Competitiveness Mercedes manufactures high-valued and technically advanced cars by particularly focussing on the development of car engines and producing wide-ranging transport facilities from cars to jeeps and other commercial vehicles which enables the company to cater almost every segment of the market. Merger of European and American companies makes Mercedes well acquainted by the consumer markets belonging to two different tastes and culture (Elvin, Hendricks and Singhal 2001, p. 274). The company continues its competitiveness by its remarkable supply change management as it maintains close ties with its key suppliers for instance, during the worldwide fiscal turmoil in early nineties when organisations were obligated to negotiate pricing strategy, it was quiet obvious that both the company and its suppliers shared equivalent dependability on each other (Hayes, Pisano, Upton and Wheelwright 2005, p. 133). Despite of operating in a highly concentrated market, Tesco has achieved a leading positio n as the company has radically improved its operation management strategies by adopting lower pricing and absolute quality control through compensating full costs of the product, if found damaged (Tesco 2010). The company also maintains its competitiveness by proffering secure transaction opportunities in case of online shopping, timely delivery of products at the door-step and efficient staff that is adequately trained to offer excellent customer services. 4.1 Innovation Mercedes allocates a humungous investment of more than $47billion on its research and development which substantiates its organisational objectives to meet and exceed the consumers expectations pertaining to advanced technology and innovative solutions. The company is also exhibiting keen interest in developing contemporary designs within competitive price whilst maintaining its assertive and risk-taking behaviour which indicates its thirst for improved quality in its products and services (Kaynak 2003, p. 426). The innovativeness of products characterised by radio frequency identification system of tagging its products or advanced data processing system; Tesco exhibits its commitment to enhance the consumer buying experience through innovation (Norris 2007). By introducing highly interactive and advantageous innovations like Tesco club cards, Tesco applications, talking Tesco and Tesco diet; the company has notably penetrated within diversified consumers market segments. 4.3 Sustainability The strong market presence characterised by more than 25-30 dealerships in each of its operational territories, Mercedes ensures that its within the consumers reach (Bilich and Neto 2000, p. 7). In addition to this, a luxurious brand image of Mercedes along with its quality standards, enhanced security and tremendous reliability for many years has established a loyal consumer base. The company principally operates in economies of scale and as the level of sales rises the unit cost decreases which substantially circumvent the threats of new entrants in the market thereby, accentuating its long-term sustainability (Bilich and Neto 2000, p. 13). On the other hand, Tesco has not refrained from diversifying into non-food categories and has expanded its operations into other market segments including clothing, electronics, financing and others which determines that the company has the aptitude to take risk and maintain its survival on long-term basis. Tesco maintains a strong brand value w hich has been indicated by its tremendous rise in profitability by 78% through successful operations in Europe, Asia and Ireland (Usunier 2000, p. 177). CONCLUDING REMARKS The report has critically appraised on the theoretical frameworks pertaining to operation management by explicating its key components including inventory control, supply chains, capacity planning and total quality management. Case studies of one manufacturing company i.e. Mercedes and one service-based company i.e. Tesco; have been profoundly investigated to evaluate the impacts of operation management theories and application; on the innovation, competitiveness and sustainability of these organisations. To conclude, it can be stated that both Mercedes and Tesco are market leaders within their territories and the analytical report suggests that their success lies within their strategic deployment of operational and functional processes.